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Quantum Electronics

Effect of resonance mixing of states of a three-level system on the emergence of multiphoton transitions from them

І. І. Бондар, В. В. Суран

Published Jul 31, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is established experimentally for the first time that multiphoton transitions, which are forbidden by the parity selection rules in the dipole approximation, occur from resonantly mixed states in a three-level system with probabilities approximately equal to the probabilities of multiphoton transitions that are allowed by such selection rules.

DOI
10.1070/qe2002v032n07abeh002260

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It is established experimentally for the first time that multiphoton transitions, which are forbidden by the parity selection rules in the dipole approximation, occur from resonantly mixed states in a three-level system with probabilities approximately equal to the probabilities of multiphoton transitions that are allowed by such selection rules.
The multiphoton resonant excitation of three-level atoms in a strong laser field is investigated. The creation of various superposition states is shown. For implementation of these effects either the mean dipole moment in the excited states of an atom or, in three-level systems, a transition dipole moment between excited states (with energies close enough to each other) must be nonzero. The time evolution of the system is found using a nonperturbative resonant approach. Our calculations for the hydrogen atom suggest that by the appropriate optical pulses with moderate strong intensities one can achieve various superposition states by multiphoton resonant excitation.
We establish the existence of spin-statistic selection rules (SSSRs) for multiphoton transitions with equal photons in atomic systems. These selection rules are similar to those for systems of many equivalent electrons in atomic theory. The latter are a direct consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle. In this sense, the SSSRs play the role of the exclusion principle for photons: they forbid some particular states for the photon systems. We established several SSSRs for few-photon systems. (i) First rule: two equivalent photons involved in any atomic transition can have only even values of the total angular momentum, JJJ. This selection rule is an extension of the Landau-Yang theorem to the photons involved in atomic transitions. (ii) Second rule: three equivalent dipole photons involved in any atomic transition can have only odd values of the total angular momentum, J=1,3J=1,3J=1,3. (iii) Third rule: four equivalent dipole photons involved in any atomic transition can have only even values of the total angular momentum, J=0,2,4J=0,2,4J=0,2,4. We also suggest a method for a possible experimental test of these SSSRs by means of laser experiments.