AIP conference proceedings

Multiphoton ionization process involving quadrupole energy transitions

Maxmud Tursunov, Baxtiyor Eltazarov, Ali Khaydaroy, B.B. Gaibnazarov, Zulfiya Alimova

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the process of multiphoton ionization of alkaline earth atoms in the presence of intermediate forbidden quadrupole energy resonances using different schemes of optical transitions to obtain new spectroscopic information on the probabilities of forbidden quadrupole energy transitions.

DOI: 10.1063/5.0307320

Related papers

Resonance multiphoton ionization of alkaline Earth Ca, Ba, Sr atoms

M. A. Tursunov, B.B. Gaibnazarov, Kh. Bakieva +2 more

In this work, we study the process of three-photon resonant ionization of alkaline earth atoms Ca, Sr, and Ba. To carry out the experiments, a frequency-tunable laser setup was created. An effusive beam of alkali atoms served as an atomic target.

E3S Web of ConferencesJan 1, 20232 citations

Doubly charged ions formation during multiphoton ionization of alkaline-earth atoms

В. В. Суран

The results on investigations of process of doubly-charged ions formation during multiphoton ionization of alkaline-earth elements in visible and infrared spectral ranges are presented. It was established that in visible spectral range stepwise mechanism of doubly-charged ions formation is realized, and in infrared spectral range - two-electron mechanism takes place.

Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series PhysicsJul 15, 20010 citations

Multiphoton ionization of cesium via quadrupole transitions: Photoelectron angular distributions and polarization effects on total ionization rates

A. Lyras, Bo-nian Dai, Xian Tang +5 more

Physical Review AJan 1, 19888 citations

Observation of Electric Quadrupole Transitions in Multiphoton Ionization

Melissa Lambropoulos, Stephen E. Moody, Stuart James Smith +1 more

Physical Review LettersJul 21, 197541 citations

Multiphoton-double-ionization probability linearly depends on laser intensity: Experimental studies of barium

І. І. Бондар, В. В. Суран, Denys I. Bondar

arXiv:1306.1550Physical Review AAug 6, 201310 citations

Electric Quadrupole Transitions in Multiphoton Ionization

P. Lambropoulos, Gary D. Doolen, Steven P. Rountree

It is shown that even for optical frequencies the dipole approximation is not always valid in multiphoton ionization. For certain photon frequencies, we find quadrupole-dipole contributions which are several orders of magnitude larger than the usual dipole-dipole contribution to two-photon ionization.

Physical Review LettersMar 17, 197548 citations

AIP conference proceedings

Multiphoton ionization process involving quadrupole energy transitions

Maxmud Tursunov, Baxtiyor Eltazarov, Ali Khaydaroy, B.B. Gaibnazarov, Zulfiya Alimova

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1063/5.0307320

Related papers

Resonance multiphoton ionization of alkaline Earth Ca, Ba, Sr atoms

M. A. Tursunov, B.B. Gaibnazarov, Kh. Bakieva +2 more

E3S Web of ConferencesJan 1, 20232 citations

Doubly charged ions formation during multiphoton ionization of alkaline-earth atoms

В. В. Суран

Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series PhysicsJul 15, 20010 citations

Multiphoton ionization of cesium via quadrupole transitions: Photoelectron angular distributions and polarization effects on total ionization rates

A. Lyras, Bo-nian Dai, Xian Tang +5 more

We report measurements of photoelectron angular distributions via electric quadrupole transitions in cesium atoms using multiphoton excitation techniques. Experimental results are presented for the cases of one-photon resonant, two-photon ionization via the 6d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${D}_{3/2}$ and 6d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${D}_{5/2}$ electric quadrupole transitions and for one-photon resonant, three-photon ionization via the 5d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}$ and 5d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${D}_{5/2}$ transitions. The ratios of the total ionization rates for linearly and circularly polarized light have also been measured for the 6d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}$ and 6d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${D}_{5/2}$ states. A theoretical analysis and detailed comparison with the experimental results are given.We report measurements of photoelectron angular distributions via electric quadrupole transitions in cesium atoms using multiphoton excitation techniques. Experimental results are presented for the cases of one-photon resonant, two-photon ionization via the 6d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${D}_{3/2}$ and 6d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${D}_{5/2}$ electric quadrupole transitions and for one-photon resonant, three-photon ionization via the 5d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}$ and 5d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${D}_{5/2}$ transitions. The ratios of the total ionization rates for linearly and circularly polarized light have also been measured for the 6d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}$ and 6d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${D}_{5/2}$ states. A theoretical analysis and detailed comparison with the experimental results are given.

Physical Review AJan 1, 19888 citations

Observation of Electric Quadrupole Transitions in Multiphoton Ionization

Melissa Lambropoulos, Stephen E. Moody, Stuart James Smith +1 more

Two flashlamp-pumped, tunable, dye lasers have been utilized to study three-photon ionization in atomic sodium. The resulting ion yield shows large peaks at laser frequencies which correspond to electric quadrupole transitions. This is the first direct observation of electric quadrupole effects in multiphoton ionization. The $3p^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4f$ matrix element is determined, and the fine-structure splitting of the $5p$ state is measured.Two flashlamp-pumped, tunable, dye lasers have been utilized to study three-photon ionization in atomic sodium. The resulting ion yield shows large peaks at laser frequencies which correspond to electric quadrupole transitions. This is the first direct observation of electric quadrupole effects in multiphoton ionization. The $3p^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4f$ matrix element is determined, and the fine-structure splitting of the $5p$ state is measured.

Physical Review LettersJul 21, 197541 citations

Multiphoton-double-ionization probability linearly depends on laser intensity: Experimental studies of barium

І. І. Бондар, В. В. Суран, Denys I. Bondar

Despite inherently complex multiphoton dynamics, our observations show that Ba double ionization with an infrared laser (8800--8920 cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) resembles a single-photon process; namely, its probability is proportional to the laser intensity. In this regime, single-electron ionization is due to a four-photon resonant transition through the highly perturbed state $6{p}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{1}{D}_{2}$ , whereas double ionization is realized by the two-electron mechanism. Furthermore, we argue that these conclusions are valid for other alkaline-earth-metal atoms and other parameters of laser radiation.Despite inherently complex multiphoton dynamics, our observations show that Ba double ionization with an infrared laser (8800--8920 cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) resembles a single-photon process; namely, its probability is proportional to the laser intensity. In this regime, single-electron ionization is due to a four-photon resonant transition through the highly perturbed state $6{p}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{1}{D}_{2}$, whereas double ionization is realized by the two-electron mechanism. Furthermore, we argue that these conclusions are valid for other alkaline-earth-metal atoms and other parameters of laser radiation.

arXiv:1306.1550Physical Review AAug 6, 201310 citations

Electric Quadrupole Transitions in Multiphoton Ionization

P. Lambropoulos, Gary D. Doolen, Steven P. Rountree

Physical Review LettersMar 17, 197548 citations

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{D}_{3/2}

and 6d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{D}_{5/2}

electric quadrupole transitions and for one-photon resonant, three-photon ionization via the 5d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}

and 5d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{D}_{5/2}

transitions. The ratios of the total ionization rates for linearly and circularly polarized light have also been measured for the 6d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}

and 6d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{D}_{5/2}

states. A theoretical analysis and detailed comparison with the experimental results are given.

5p

state is measured.

6{p}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{1}{D}_{2}

, whereas double ionization is realized by the two-electron mechanism. Furthermore, we argue that these conclusions are valid for other alkaline-earth-metal atoms and other parameters of laser radiation.