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Frontiers in Optics

Quantum Correlations in Two-Dimensional Waveguide Arrays and their Classical Simulation

Robert Keil, Felix Dreisow, Matthias Heinrich, Andreas Tünnermann, Stefan Nolte, Alexander Szameit

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically analyse the propagation of photon pairs in two-dimensional (2D) photonic lattices by evaluating their photon number correlation. We support our results by classical intensity correlation experiments acting as a unbiased quantum simulator.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2010.ftut4

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Quantum interference and quantum correlation, as two main features of quantum optics, play an essential role in quantum information applications, such as multi-particle quantum walk and boson sampling. While many experimental demonstrations have been done in one-dimensional waveguide arrays, it remains unexplored in higher dimensions due to tight requirement of manipulating and detecting photons in large-scale. Here, we experimentally observe non-classical correlation of two identical photons in a fully coupled two-dimensional structure, i.e. photonic lattice manufactured by three-dimensional femtosecond laser writing. Photon interference consists of 36 Hong-Ou-Mandel interference and 9 bunching. The overlap between measured and simulated distribution is up to 0.890 ± 0.001. Clear photon correlation is observed in the two-dimensional photonic lattice. Combining with controllably engineered disorder, our results open new perspectives towards large-scale implementation of quantum simulation on integrated photonic chips.
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We study quantum and classical Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations in waveguide lattices. We develop a theory for the propagation of photon pairs in the lattice, predicting the emergence of nontrivial quantum interferences unique to lattice systems. Experimentally, we observe the classical counterpart of these interferences using intensity-correlation measurements. We discuss the correspondence between the classical and quantum correlations, and consider path-entangled input states which do not have a classical analogue. Our results demonstrate that waveguide lattices can be used as a robust and highly controllable tool for manipulating quantum states, and offer new ways of studying the quantum properties of light.