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Physical Review A

Classical characterization of biphoton correlation in waveguide lattices

Robert Keil, Felix Dreisow, Matthias Heinrich, Andreas Tünnermann, Stefan Nolte, Alexander Szameit

Published Jan 7, 2011• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a classical experimental scheme for simulating quantum correlations of path-entangled biphotons, propagating in arbitrary one- or two-dimensional arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides. Our approach requires only intensity and phase measurements and can be used to characterize the evolution of the biphoton wave packet. The precision of the method and its robustness to phase fluctuations are investigated by a statistical analysis.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.013808

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We study quantum and classical Hanbury Brown-Twiss correlations in waveguide lattices. We develop a theory for the propagation of photon pairs in the lattice, predicting the emergence of nontrivial quantum interferences unique to lattice systems. Experimentally, we observe the classical counterpart of these interferences using intensity-correlation measurements. We discuss the correspondence between the classical and quantum correlations, and consider path-entangled input states which do not have a classical analogue. Our results demonstrate that waveguide lattices can be used as a robust and highly controllable tool for manipulating quantum states, and offer new ways of studying the quantum properties of light.
We study the quantum correlation of path-entangled states of two photons in coupled one-dimensional waveguide arrays with lattice defects. Both off-diagonal and diagonal defects are considered, which show different effects on the quantum correlation of path-entangled two-photon states. Two-photon bunching or anti-bunching effects can be observed and controlled. The two photons are found to have a tendency to bunch at the side lobes with a repulsive off-diagonal defect, and the path-entanglement of the input two-photon state can be preserved during the propagation. We also found that defect modes may play an important role on the two-photon correlation of path-entangled states in the waveguide arrays. Due to the quantum interference effect, intriguing evolution dynamics of the two-photon correlation matrix elements with oscillation frequencies being either twice of or the same as that of a classical light wave, depending on the position of the correlation matrix element, is observed. Our results show that it is possible to manipulate the two-photon correlation properties of path-entangled states in waveguide arrays with lattice defects.