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Physical Review Letters

Communication via the Statistics of Photon-Number Squeezed Light

Joshua Paramanandam, Michael Andrew Parker

Published Jun 16, 2005• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method of communication employing the second order statistics of photon-number squeezed light is demonstrated. The technique encodes the information content in both nonstationary noise processes and in the average optical power, thereby creating two orthogonal channels and increasing the transmission capacity. Communication via the fragile quantum state has potential applications for privatized communication.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.94.233602

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A method of communication employing the second order statistics of photon-number squeezed light is demonstrated. The technique encodes the information content in both nonstationary noise processes and in the average optical power, thereby creating two orthogonal channels and increasing the transmission capacity. Communication via the fragile quantum state has potential applications for privatized communication.
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Numerous schemes have been recently suggested for generating photon-number-squeezed light. In one class of technique, initially Poisson photons are modified (using methods such as deadtime deletion, decimation, coincidence decimation, and overflow count deletion) to yield sub-Poisson photons. In another class, feedback is applied (e.g., by control of the rate of generation of photoevents) so that the resultant point process is self-exciting instead of Poisson. Are such light sources useful for optical communication? Can the channel capacity C of a lightwave communication system based on photoevent point process observations be increased by use of photon-number-squeezed light?
The possibility is explicitly shown that the average probability of error is reduced and the transmission rate of information is enhanced by means of entangled input states to a communication channel. When two senders transmit some information to a receiver, they encode the information in the quadrature amplitudes of both modes of a two-mode squeezed vacuum state. The receiver performs a simultaneous measurement of the two quadrature amplitudes of the received two-mode state. In this case, if the average value of the photon number supplied to the communication system is not so small, the average probability of error becomes smaller than that of the communication system without entanglement. Furthermore, the transmission rate of information becomes larger than the quantum capacity of classical information of the communication system without entanglement.
ABSTRACT This thesis explores the photon-number characteristics and quantum communication po tential of superposed squeezed vacuum states, emphasizing their relevance to Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). The analysis investigates how statistical indicators of the light field—such as the average photon number and its fluctuations—reveal nonclassical be havior, including reduced quadrature noise and altered photon-number distributions that support efficient quantum encoding. Secure communication performance is evaluated through conditional probability methods and mutual information calculations, while Q function phase-space representations illustrate interference patterns and deformation in amplitude distributions arising from squeezing and photon correlations. A Gaussian se curity model is applied to estimate the Holevo bound and quantify possible information gained by an eavesdropper. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that tuning the squeez ing strength and superposition parameters enhances the achievable key rate, showing that superposed squeezed states exhibit increased resilience to channel loss and common quantum attacks, making them strong candidates for secure, low-photon, long-distance QKDapplications. Keywords:-Photon number variation,Q-function analysis, Quadrature squeezing, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD),Secret key rate analysis,Superposed squeezed vac uum states i
ABSTRACT This thesis explores the photon-number characteristics and quantum communication po tential of superposed squeezed vacuum states, emphasizing their relevance to Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). The analysis investigates how statistical indicators of the light field—such as the average photon number and its fluctuations—reveal nonclassical be havior, including reduced quadrature noise and altered photon-number distributions that support efficient quantum encoding. Secure communication performance is evaluated through conditional probability methods and mutual information calculations, while Q function phase-space representations illustrate interference patterns and deformation in amplitude distributions arising from squeezing and photon correlations. A Gaussian se curity model is applied to estimate the Holevo bound and quantify possible information gained by an eavesdropper. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that tuning the squeez ing strength and superposition parameters enhances the achievable key rate, showing that superposed squeezed states exhibit increased resilience to channel loss and common quantum attacks, making them strong candidates for secure, low-photon, long-distance QKDapplications. Keywords:-Photon number variation,Q-function analysis, Quadrature squeezing, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD),Secret key rate analysis,Superposed squeezed vac uum states i