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Physical Review Letters

Comment on “Opening Optical Four-Wave Mixing Channels with Giant Enhancement Using Ultraslow Pump Waves”

Roberto Buffa, Stefano Cavalieri, Marco V. Tognetti

Published Sep 16, 2004• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In their recent study [1] on a four-wave mixing (FWM) process, Deng et al. state that ‘‘many orders of magnitude enhancement in the amplitude of the generated wave’’ is obtained when electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is present. Here we will show that their claim is deeply misleading. In fact, according to the formulas reported in their paper, it is straightforward to show that the efficiency of the FWM generation process is actually reduced by the presence of EIT, and that the maximum FWM signal is obtained in the absence of EIT.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.93.129401

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In their recent study [1] on a four-wave mixing (FWM) process, Deng et al. state that ‘‘many orders of magnitude enhancement in the amplitude of the generated wave’’ is obtained when electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is present. Here we will show that their claim is deeply misleading. In fact, according to the formulas reported in their paper, it is straightforward to show that the efficiency of the FWM generation process is actually reduced by the presence of EIT, and that the maximum FWM signal is obtained in the absence of EIT.
We show that by strongly modifying the dispersion properties of a four-level system, non-existing wave mixing channels can be opened and significantly enhanced. Specifically, we show that coherent optical four-wave mixing with a pump wave mediated by electromagnetically induced transparency (thereby propagating with an extremely slow group velocity) will lead to many orders of magnitude enhancement in the amplitude of the generated wave. Contrary to common belief, a large transparency window, which causes a large propagation velocity, actually diminishes efficient mixing wave production.
We propose a dual electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based multiwave mixing scheme that retains the significantly enhanced conversion efficiency enabled by ultraslow propagation of pump waves, yet is also capable of inhibiting and delaying the onset of the detrimental three-photon destructive interference that limits the further growth of the four-wave mixing (FWM) field. We show that the new scheme exhibits a wave-matching condition that is fundamentally different from the conventional FWM without EIT, and the efficient generation of the mixing wave is not critically dependent upon the FWM detuning to achieve constructive interference as required in the conventional FWM. These are significant steps forward in enabling applications of ultraslow wave nonlinear optics.
We analyze a four-wave-mixing (FWM) scheme in a five-level atomic system based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that EIT suppresses both two-photon and three-photon absorptions in the FWM scheme and enables the four-wave mixing to proceed through real, resonant intermediate states without absorption loss. The scheme results in a several orders of magnitude increase in the FWM efficiency in comparison with a recent scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 143902 (2002)] and may be used for generating short-wavelength radiation at low pump intensities.
We present a theoretical study of high-efficiency four-wave mixing (FWM) sum-frequency generation beyond a pure electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) technique in a five-level atomic system. In our FWM scheme, with the assistance of two Λ-type subsystems utilized to create EIT and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS), a synergetic mechanism of EIT and ATS, or a dual-ATS mechanism is induced. These novel mechanisms can have a significant impact on the FWM process in the optically thick medium, and the FWM efficiency can be several orders of magnitude larger than that obtained from the pure EIT method. This Letter opens up a new perspective for exploring enhanced quantum nonlinear optical phenomena.
We have analyzed a five-level Λ-configuration four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme for obtaining high-efficiency FWM based on the two-electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the ultraslow propagation regime. We find that the maximum FWM efficiency is nearly 30%, which is orders of magnitude larger than previous schemes based on the two-EIT. Our scheme allows the possibility for new technological applications such as nonlinear spectroscopy at very low light intensity, quantum single-photon nonlinear optics and quantum information science.