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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Ruijsenaars-Macdonald-type difference operators from Belavin model with open boundary conditions

Bo-Yu Hou, Kangjie Shi, Yanshen Wang, Liu Zhao

Published Jul 17, 1998• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Antisymmetric fusions of the Belavin model with integrable open boundary conditions are studied. The centre of the corresponding operator algebra, the Sklyanin determinant, is constructed. We prove that the transfer matrices of the fusion hierarchies mutually commute. Utilizing the factorized L operators, this commuting family is expressed as mutually commuting difference operators acting on a function space. This gives Ruijsenaars-Macdonald-type commuting difference operators, which describe the conservation laws of an integrable system.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/31/28/007

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Antisymmetric fusions of the Belavin model with integrable open boundary conditions are studied. The centre of the corresponding operator algebra, the Sklyanin determinant, is constructed. We prove that the transfer matrices of the fusion hierarchies mutually commute. Utilizing the factorized L operators, this commuting family is expressed as mutually commuting difference operators acting on a function space. This gives Ruijsenaars-Macdonald-type commuting difference operators, which describe the conservation laws of an integrable system.
Subject of this work are integrable spin chains with general boundary conditions.In the framework of the Quantum Inverse Scattering Method Sklyanin has shown how to construct a family of commuting operators (transfer matrix) containing the hamiltonian of the XXX or XXZ spin chain with general boundary fields.Key ingredient is the underlying algebraic structure which is a combination of the Yang-Baxter algebra, using the known R-matrix representations, and a so-called Reflection algebra.The latter includes fields of arbitrary strength and direction acting on the first and last position of the chain.This setup is solvable via algebraic Bethe ansatz in the case of diagonal boundaries, i.e. the fields are parallel to each other and in the case of the XXZ model parallel to the distinguished direction.Kitanine et al. have managed to express local operators in terms of the non-local elements of the underlying algebraic structure in the case of half-infinite chain length hence establishing a possible approach to evaluate expectation values of physical observables.Their results will be picked up in this work and generalized to spin chains of arbitrary (including finite) lengths using non-linear integral equations for the lowest lying state with zero magnetization.In the case of non-diagonal boundary fields the lack of a reference state or pseudo vacuum prohibits the solution by algebraic Bethe ansatz.The method of separation of variables proposed by Sklyanin is not constrained in that sense and will be applied to this situation.In this approach for the XXX spin chain no restrictions to the boundary parameters are needed.The result is a TQ-equation on a finite discrete set of points and the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix are obtainable from this finite difference equation.As the underlying algebraic structure is independent of the representation, the analysis for the XXX spin chain can be extended to a spin-boson model.Using a known representation of the algebra for the bosonic degree of freedom again a TQ-equation is obtained but in this case being defined on an infinite discrete set of points.Finally a different approach to the case of non-diagonal boundary conditions using non-linear integral equations is studied.By construction of higher dimensional representations of the Yang Baxter algebra a hierarchy of transfer matrices is obtained.In this construction two R-matrices are fused together yielding the name of fusion hierarchy.From such hierarchies it is possible to derive non-linear integral equations for a certain eigenvalue of the transfer matrix using Fourier transform techniques.The equations are valid for arbitrary system sizes and a range of boundary parameters.By careful analysis of the zero and pole structure it is possible to extract information about the eigenvalue of a specific state.
Abstract Yang–Baxter integrable vertex models with a generic Z 2 -staggering can be expressed in terms of composite R -matrices given in terms of the elementary R-matrices. Similarly, integrable open boundary conditions can be constructed through generalized reflection algebras based on these objects and their representations in terms of composite boundary matrices K ± . We show that only two types of staggering yield a local Hamiltonian with integrable open boundary conditions in this approach. The staggering in the underlying model allows for a second hierarchy of commuting integrals of motion (in addition to the one including the Hamiltonian obtained from the usual transfer matrix), starting with the so-called quasi momentum operator. In this paper, we show that this quasi momentum operator can be obtained together with the Hamiltonian for both periodic and open models in a unified way from enlarged Yang–Baxter or reflection algebras in the composite picture. For the special case of the staggered six-vertex model, this allows constructing an integrable spectral flow between the two local cases.
The generalized elliptic Ruijsenaars models, which are regarded as a difference analog of the Calogero–Sutherland–Moser models associated with the classical root systems are studied. The integrability and the duality using the fusion procedure of operator-valued solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation and the reflection equation are shown. In particular a new integrable difference operator of type-D is proposed. The trigonometric models are also considered in terms of the representation of the affine Hecke algebra.