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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Switching Persistent Supercurrent on an Atom Chip

Christoph Hufnagel, T. Mukai, Fujio Shimizu

Published Aug 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Rubidium 87 atoms are trapped in an Ioffe-Pritchard potential generated with a persistent supercurrent that flows in a loop circuit patterned on a sapphire surface. To control the supercurrent on a surface, an on-chip thermal switch operated by a focused argon-ion laser is developed.
DOI
10.1109/cleopr.2007.4391568

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Rubidium-87 atoms are trapped in an Ioffe-Pritchard potential generated with a persistent supercurrent that flows in a loop circuit patterned on a sapphire surface. The superconducting circuit is a closed loop made of a 100 microm wide molecular-beam epitaxy-grown MgB2 stripe carrying a supercurrent of 2.5 A. To control the supercurrent in the stripe, an on-chip thermal switch operated by a focused argon-ion laser is developed. The switch operates as an on/off switch of the supercurrent or as a device to set the current to a specific value with the aid of an external magnetic field. The current can be set even without an external source if the change is in the decreasing direction.
In this presentation we report an achievement of a persistent supercurrent atom chip and trapping87Rb atoms in the vicinity of a cold surface. Persistent supercurrent, up to 2.5 A without Joule heating, was switched on and off by using an on-chip thermal switch that was operated with a laser and a magnetic field. An intensity of the induced supercurrent was controlled by the magnitude of the initially applied z-bias field. We present our experimental results on the characteristics of our atom trap including stability, decoherence time, and influence of the chip surface.
We have trapped rubidium atoms in the magnetic field produced by a superconducting atom chip operated at liquid helium temperatures. Up to $8.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ atoms are held in a Ioffe-Pritchard trap at a distance of $440\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ from the chip surface, with a temperature of $40\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$. The trap lifetime reaches 115 s at low atomic densities. These results open the way to the exploration of atom-surface interactions and coherent atomic transport in a superconducting environment, whose properties are radically different from normal metals at room temperature.
A persistent-supercurrent atom chip is a quantum device designed with a view to transcending the limits of conventional technologies by employing some of the significant properties of quantum mechanics.We have applied this novel technique to achieve an atomic gas in a macroscopic quantum state in the vicinity of a solid-state surface.In this article, we review a technique for making an extremely stable Bose-Einstein condensate above a chip surface and describe our attempts to overcome several unpredicted problems introduced by superconductivity.