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Journal of Theoretical Biology

Quantum mechanical effects in molecule-membrane interactions

Charles J. Lumsden, Melvin P. Silverman, Lynn E. H. Trainor

Published Jan 1, 1974• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0022-5193(74)80004-4

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Synthetic dimensions in ultracold polar molecules

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Synthetic dimensions alter one of the most fundamental properties in nature, the dimension of space. They allow, for example, a real three-dimensional system to act as effectively four-dimensional. Driven by such possibilities, synthetic dimensions have been engineered in ongoing experiments with ultracold matter. We show that rotational states of ultracold molecules can be used as synthetic dimensions extending to many - potentially hundreds of - synthetic lattice sites. Microwaves coupling rotational states drive fully controllable synthetic inter-site tunnelings, enabling, for example, topological band structures. Interactions leads to even richer behavior: when molecules are frozen in a real space lattice with uniform synthetic tunnelings, dipole interactions cause the molecules to aggregate to a narrow strip in the synthetic direction beyond a critical interaction strength, resulting in a quantum string or a membrane, with an emergent condensate that lives on this string or membrane. All these phases can be detected using local measurements of rotational state populations.

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Sympathetic cooling and self-oscillations in a hybrid atom-membrane system

Aline Faber

Hybrid systems combining mechanical oscillators and ultracold atoms provide novel \nopportunities for cooling, detection and quantum control of mechanical motion with \napplications in precision sensing, quantum-level signal transduction and for fundamental \ntests of quantum mechanics. \nIn this thesis I present experiments performed with a hybrid atom-membrane \nsystem, in which the vibrations of a Si_3N_4 membrane in an optical cavity are coupled \nto the motion of laser-cooled atoms in an optical lattice. The interactions are \nmediated by the lattice light over a macroscopic distance and enhanced by the cavity. \nVia the coupling to the cold atoms, the fundamental vibrational mode of the \nmembrane at 2π x 276 kHz is cooled sympathetically from room temperature to \n0.4(2) K, even though the mass of the mechanical oscillator exceeds that of the \natomic ensemble by a factor of 4 x 10^10. In other systems, sympathetic cooling \nof molecules with cold atoms or ions has been limited to mass ratios of up to 90. \nPrevious theoretical work has shown that our coupling mechanism is able to cool the \nmembrane vibration into the ground state and to perform coherent state transfers \nbetween atomic and membrane motion. \nUnder certain experimental conditions, the atom-membrane system shows self-oscillations, \nwhich arise from an effective delay in the backaction of the atoms onto \nthe light. This retardation drives the system into limit-cycle oscillations if the coupling \nis large. I study the dependence of this instability on several system parameters \nand find that a larger atom number and a smaller atom-light detuning make the system \nless stable. Further, the stability of the coupled system in presence of a delay is \ninvestigated theoretically and a modified expression for the sympathetic cooling rate \nis derived. This model allows to fit the measured atom number dependence with a \ndelay of τ = 88(1) ns. Moreover, direct measurements of the atomic backaction onto \nthe lattice light are presented. These show phase lags exceeding 180° in parameter \nregimes where the instability is observed, proving that the retardation arises within \nthe atomic ensemble. Finally, I present the results of numerical simulations, which \nshow that collective atomic effects within the atomic ensemble in an asymmetric \nlattice are able to induce the observed phase lag in the atomic backaction.

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Tripartite entanglement and entanglement transfer in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system

Ming-Cui Li, Aixi Chen, Wei Zeng

Abstract We propose to realize bipartite and tripartite entanglements transfer in a cavity magnomechanical system consisting of a microwave cavity with an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and a silicon-nitride membrane in it. The initial magnon–YIG phonon entanglement and photon-membrane phonon entanglement caused by the magnetostrictive interaction and the optomechanical interaction can be effectively transferred to magnon–membrane phonon entanglement and photon–YIG phonon entanglement. Photon–magnon–YIG phonon and photon–magnon–membrane phonon entanglements can also be realized in the system. These two types of tripartite entanglements can be easily transferred from one type to the other by adjusting the detuning or dissipation ratio. Moreover, the bipartite and tripartite entanglements and their transfer are all robust against temperature. Furthermore, by introducing supermodes formed by the photon and magnon modes, we find that the entanglement between the two mechanical modes can be obtained under the condition of an extremely low temperature. And the effective detuning region of the YIG phonon-membrane phonon entanglement is complementary to the detuning regions of other bipartite entanglements. Our results indicate that the combination of cavity magnomechanical and optomechanical systems could provide more flexible controllability of bipartite and tripartite entanglements and their transfer and could serve as a potential quantum interface among microwave, magnon, and mechanical systems.

Open Physics•Jan 1, 2023•13 citations
Synthetic dimensions alter one of the most fundamental properties in nature, the dimension of space. They allow, for example, a real three-dimensional system to act as effectively four-dimensional. Driven by such possibilities, synthetic dimensions have been engineered in ongoing experiments with ultracold matter. We show that rotational states of ultracold molecules can be used as synthetic dimensions extending to many - potentially hundreds of - synthetic lattice sites. Microwaves coupling rotational states drive fully controllable synthetic inter-site tunnelings, enabling, for example, topological band structures. Interactions leads to even richer behavior: when molecules are frozen in a real space lattice with uniform synthetic tunnelings, dipole interactions cause the molecules to aggregate to a narrow strip in the synthetic direction beyond a critical interaction strength, resulting in a quantum string or a membrane, with an emergent condensate that lives on this string or membrane. All these phases can be detected using local measurements of rotational state populations.
Hybrid systems combining mechanical oscillators and ultracold atoms provide novel \nopportunities for cooling, detection and quantum control of mechanical motion with \napplications in precision sensing, quantum-level signal transduction and for fundamental \ntests of quantum mechanics. \nIn this thesis I present experiments performed with a hybrid atom-membrane \nsystem, in which the vibrations of a Si_3N_4 membrane in an optical cavity are coupled \nto the motion of laser-cooled atoms in an optical lattice. The interactions are \nmediated by the lattice light over a macroscopic distance and enhanced by the cavity. \nVia the coupling to the cold atoms, the fundamental vibrational mode of the \nmembrane at 2π x 276 kHz is cooled sympathetically from room temperature to \n0.4(2) K, even though the mass of the mechanical oscillator exceeds that of the \natomic ensemble by a factor of 4 x 10^10. In other systems, sympathetic cooling \nof molecules with cold atoms or ions has been limited to mass ratios of up to 90. \nPrevious theoretical work has shown that our coupling mechanism is able to cool the \nmembrane vibration into the ground state and to perform coherent state transfers \nbetween atomic and membrane motion. \nUnder certain experimental conditions, the atom-membrane system shows self-oscillations, \nwhich arise from an effective delay in the backaction of the atoms onto \nthe light. This retardation drives the system into limit-cycle oscillations if the coupling \nis large. I study the dependence of this instability on several system parameters \nand find that a larger atom number and a smaller atom-light detuning make the system \nless stable. Further, the stability of the coupled system in presence of a delay is \ninvestigated theoretically and a modified expression for the sympathetic cooling rate \nis derived. This model allows to fit the measured atom number dependence with a \ndelay of τ = 88(1) ns. Moreover, direct measurements of the atomic backaction onto \nthe lattice light are presented. These show phase lags exceeding 180° in parameter \nregimes where the instability is observed, proving that the retardation arises within \nthe atomic ensemble. Finally, I present the results of numerical simulations, which \nshow that collective atomic effects within the atomic ensemble in an asymmetric \nlattice are able to induce the observed phase lag in the atomic backaction.
Abstract We propose to realize bipartite and tripartite entanglements transfer in a cavity magnomechanical system consisting of a microwave cavity with an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and a silicon-nitride membrane in it. The initial magnon–YIG phonon entanglement and photon-membrane phonon entanglement caused by the magnetostrictive interaction and the optomechanical interaction can be effectively transferred to magnon–membrane phonon entanglement and photon–YIG phonon entanglement. Photon–magnon–YIG phonon and photon–magnon–membrane phonon entanglements can also be realized in the system. These two types of tripartite entanglements can be easily transferred from one type to the other by adjusting the detuning or dissipation ratio. Moreover, the bipartite and tripartite entanglements and their transfer are all robust against temperature. Furthermore, by introducing supermodes formed by the photon and magnon modes, we find that the entanglement between the two mechanical modes can be obtained under the condition of an extremely low temperature. And the effective detuning region of the YIG phonon-membrane phonon entanglement is complementary to the detuning regions of other bipartite entanglements. Our results indicate that the combination of cavity magnomechanical and optomechanical systems could provide more flexible controllability of bipartite and tripartite entanglements and their transfer and could serve as a potential quantum interface among microwave, magnon, and mechanical systems.