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Physical Review A

Laser driving of superradiant scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate at variable incidence angle

Bo Lu, Xiaoji Zhou, Thibault Vogt, Zhen Fang, Xuzong Chen

Published Mar 22, 2011• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study superradiant scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate using a pump laser incident at variable angle and show the presence of asymmetrically populated scattering modes. Experimental data reveal that the direction of the pump laser plays a significant role in the formation of this asymmetry, a result which is in good agreement with numerical simulations based on coupled Maxwell-Schr\"odinger equations. Our study complements the gap of previous work in which the pump laser was applied only along the short axis or the long axis of a condensate, and extends our knowledge about cooperative scattering processes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.033620

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We study superradiant scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate using a pump laser incident at variable angle and show the presence of asymmetrically populated scattering modes. Experimental data reveal that the direction of the pump laser plays a significant role in the formation of this asymmetry, a result which is in good agreement with numerical simulations based on coupled Maxwell-Schr"odinger equations. Our study complements the gap of previous work in which the pump laser was applied only along the short axis or the long axis of a condensate, and extends our knowledge about cooperative scattering processes.
We study superradiant scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate using a pump laser incident at variable angle and show the presence of asymmetrically populated scattering modes. Experimental data reveal that the direction of the pump laser plays a significant role in the formation of this asymmetry, result which is in good agreement with numerical simulations based on coupled Maxwell-Schrödinger equations. Our study complements the gap of previous work in which the pump laser was only applied along the short axis or the long axis of a condensate, and extends our knowledge about cooperative scattering processes.
The superradiant Rayleigh scattering using a pump laser incident along the short axis of a Bose-Einstein condensate with a density distortion is studied, where the distortion is formed by shocking the condensate utilizing the residual magnetic force after the switching-off of the trapping potential. We find that very small variation of the atomic density distribution would induce remarkable asymmetrically populated scattering modes by the matter-wave superradiance with long time pulse. The optical field in the diluter region of the atomic cloud is more greatly amplified, which is not an ordinary mode amplification with the previous cognition. Our numerical simulations with the density envelop distortion are consistent with the experimental results. This supplies a useful method to reflect the geometric symmetries of the atomic density profile by the superradiance scattering.
We study sequential scattering in superradiance from a Bose-Einstein condensate pumped by a two-frequency laser beam. We find that the distribution of atomic side modes presents highly different patterns for various frequency difference between the two pump components. These observations reveal that the frequency overlap between the end-fire modes related to different side modes plays an essential role in the dynamics of sequential superradiant scattering. The numerical results from a semiclassical model qualitatively agree with our observations.
We study superradiant scattering off Bose-Einstein condensates by solving the semiclassical Maxwell-Schr\"odinger equations describing the coupled dynamics of matter-wave and optical fields. Taking the spatial dependence of these fields along the condensate axis into account, we are able to reproduce and explain many of the characteristic features observed in the experiments of Inouye et al. [Science 285, 571 (1999)] and Schneble et al. [Science 300, 475 (2003)], such as the shape of the atomic side-mode distributions for forward and backward scattering, the spatial asymmetry between forward and backward side modes, and the depletion of the condensate center observed for forward scattering.
We present experimental evidence supporting the postulation that the secondary effects of light-assisted collisions are the main reason that the superradiant light scattering efficiency in condensates is asymmetric with respect to the sign of the pump-laser detuning. Contrary to recent experimental study, however, we observe severe and comparable heating with all three pump-laser polarizations. We also perform two-color, double-pulse measurements to directly study the degradation of condensate coherence and the resulting impact on the superradiant scattering efficiency.