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The European Physical Journal D

Finite number of vortices and bending of finite vortex lines in a confined rotating Bose-Einstein condensate

Zhongzhou Chen, Y. L.

Published Aug 31, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2006-00195-x

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The minimal energy configurations of hyperbolic bending vortex lines in the rotating trapped Bose–Einstein condensates are investigated by using a variational ansatz and numerical simulation. The theoretical calculation of the energy of the vortex lines as a function of the rotation frequency gives self-consistently vortex number, curvature and configuration. The numerical results show that bending is more stable than straight vortex line along the z -axis, and the vortex configuration in the xy -plane has a little expansion by increasing z .
We study the generation of vortices in rotating axially elongated magneto-optical traps, a situation which has been realized in a recent experiment (K. W. Madison, F. Chevy, W. Wohlleben, J. Dalibard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 806 (2000)). We predict that at a critical frequency the condensate experiences a symmetry breaking and changes from a convex cloud to a state with one bended vortex. We also discuss several effects which enlarge the critical frequency with respect to other geometries of the trap: these are, (i) the failure of the Thomas-Fermi approximation on the transverse degrees of freedom of the condensate, (ii) the enhancement of the transverse asymmetry of the trap by means of rotation and (iii) the yet unobserved bending of the vortex lines.