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Physics of the Solid State

Spectroscopic indications of the possible optical cooling effect in fluoride crystals activated by Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions

Larisa A. Nurtdinova, Vadim Vladimirovich Semashko, А. К. Наумов, R. Yu. Abdulsabirov, Кораблева Стелла Леонидовна

Published Aug 1, 2005• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The results of spectral kinetic studies of several fluoride crystals activated by Yb 3+ and Tm 3+ ions are presented, and their possible application as cooling elements of optical refrigerators is discussed. Optimum excitation conditions for the laser cooling effect in these crystals are found. The cooling efficiency is established to depend on the degree of order in the active medium.

DOI
10.1134/1.2014491

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The results of spectral kinetic studies of several fluoride crystals activated by Yb 3+ and Tm 3+ ions are presented, and their possible application as cooling elements of optical refrigerators is discussed. Optimum excitation conditions for the laser cooling effect in these crystals are found. The cooling efficiency is established to depend on the degree of order in the active medium.
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A simple model is developed to study the laser cooling of solids.The condition of laser cooling of a solid is developed.By using some parameters of the Yb 3＋ ion,which is most widely used in laser cooling,we then calculate the cooling power and the cooling efficiency.In order to make a more precise analysis, the effect of fluorescent reabsorption,which is unavoidable in the cooling process,is discussed using the random walk model.Taking Tm 3＋ ion as an example,we derive the average number of absorption events and determine the change in quantum efficiency due to reabsorption.Finally,we obtain the red-shift of the fluorescent wavelength and the requirement of sample dimension.
We present a theoretical scheme for laser cooling in Tm3+-doped oxy-fluoride glass ceramic (GC). Tm3+-doped GC has a unique combination of high chemical and mechanical stability related to the oxide glass and low phonon energy of the fluoride nanocrystals, which trap a majority of Tm3+ ions. This unique property of GC makes it attractive for a number of applications. The effective embedding of rare-earth ions in the crystalline phase with low phonon energy provides high quantum efficiency for the F43→H63 transition in the Tm3+ ions participating in the cooling cycle.
The recent achievements devoted to cooling of solids with a laser are presented in this paper. We discuss the latest results of traditional laser cooling of solids based on rare earth ions and new techniques based on colloidal lead-salt quantum dots doped in a glass host, laser cooling in Tm3+-doped oxy-fluoride glass ceramic. Relatively short (microsecond) lifetime of the excited level of the PbSe QDs compared to the millisecond lifetime of the excited level of RE ions allows an acceleration of the cooling process and provides an opportunity to use new materials with higher phonon energy as hosts, which are normally considered unsuitable for cooling with RE ions. Another new approach to the laser cooling problem based on super-radiance has been considered in this paper. The advantages of optical refrigeration with rare earth doped semiconductors, in which not only optically active electrons of the 4f shell but the valence and conduction bands of the host material are involved in cooling cycle is discussed. It is shown that involving the valence and conduction bands of the host in the cooling cycle allows the pump wavelength to be shorter than mean fluorescence wavelength. Raman laser cooling of solids as well as observation of spontaneous Brillouin cooling have been presented.