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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Quantum mechanics on homogeneous spaces

H. D. Doebner, J. Tolar

Published Apr 1, 1975• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A complete description of quantum kinematics on a homogeneous G−space M is presented using imprimitivity systems for G based on M. The kinematics on M is considered (if possible and consistent with this quantization) as kinematics on a G−orbit equivalent to M in some Euclidean space Rn. This method gives a physically justified and mathematically well−defined method of connecting the free Hamiltonian of a quantum system in Rn with an operator proportional to the Laplace−Beltrami operator on M (with the Riemannian structure inherited from Rn) which is proposed to be the free Hamiltonian on M.

DOI
10.1063/1.522604

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A complete description of quantum kinematics on a homogeneous G−space M is presented using imprimitivity systems for G based on M. The kinematics on M is considered (if possible and consistent with this quantization) as kinematics on a G−orbit equivalent to M in some Euclidean space Rn. This method gives a physically justified and mathematically well−defined method of connecting the free Hamiltonian of a quantum system in Rn with an operator proportional to the Laplace−Beltrami operator on M (with the Riemannian structure inherited from Rn) which is proposed to be the free Hamiltonian on M.
Quantum kinematics are considered for two classes of systems: (i) the coordinate space is a homogeneous Riemannian manifold and the kinetic energy is the Laplace–Beltrami operator, (ii) the phase-space is a homogeneous Kählerian manifold where the algebra of observables is the universal enveloping algebra of the symmetry group. In both the cases, the path integrals are derived from more fundamental principles. The derivation enables a definite description of the classes of trajectories which constitute the domain of integration in the path integrals. The specification of the classes of functions is important for consistency of the approach. The standard action functional and the variational principle appear in the steepest descent method corresponding to the semiclassical approximation.
Starting from the axioms of quantum mechanics as formalized by the systems of imprimitivity for homogeneous Riemannian manifolds, the classical theory is derived as a consequence, complete with its phase space realized as the space of pure classical states, a generalized version of the Wigner–Moyal correspondence rule, the Jordan and Lie algebra structures of functions on the cotangent bundle, given by point-wise multiplication and Poisson bracket, and the momentum map. A comparison is also given of the quantum and classical dynamics and equilibrium statistical mechanics of free particles on compact manifolds of constant negative curvature.
Extended Schwinger's quantization procedure is used for constructing quantum mechanics on a manifold with a group structure. The considered manifold MMM is a homogeneous Riemannian space with the given action of isometry transformation group. Using the identification of MMM with the quotient space G/HG/HG/H, where HHH is the isotropy group of an arbitrary fixed point of MMM, we show that quantum mechanics on G/HG/HG/H possesses a gauge structure, described by the gauge potential that is the connection 1-form of the principal fiber bundle G(G/H,H)G(G/H, H)G(G/H,H). The coordinate representation of quantum mechanics and the procedure for selecting the physical sector of states are developed.
This paper is the first of two papers devoted to formulation of quantum mechanics of a particle in a normal geodesic frame of reference in the general Riemannian space-time. Here canonical quantization of geodesic motion in the 1+3-formalism is considered, the result of which will be compared in the subsequent paper II with that of the field-theoretical approach, see also gr-qc/9807030. The Schrödinger representation of quantum-mechanical kinematics and dynamics is presented in the general-covariant form and a physical interpretation of the state vectors and the position operators is discussed.
The concept of a Fock–Stueckelberg space of quantum states and a procedure of an operator quantization using only Lagrangians (kinematical quantization) are introduced. A propagator operator 𝒦, matrix elements of which are Green’s functions, is used, and an equation of motion for it is derived. We prove that kinematical quantization is an operator (coordinate-free) form of the Feynman quantization technique. The Feynman path integral (FPI) is obtained as a spectral representation of the operator 𝒦 in a coordinate basis. The connection of a representation of commutation relations in this scheme, the domain of integration in FPI, and causality is mentioned.
Abstract In Chapter 2, a path integral representation of the quantum operator e-β H in the case of Hamiltonians H of the separable form p2/2m + V(q) has been constructed. Here, the construction is extended to Hamiltonians that are more general functions of phase space variables. This results in integrals over paths in phase space involving the action expressed in terms of the classical Hamiltonian H(p,q). However, it is shown that, in the general case, the path integral is not completely defined, and this reflects the problem that the classical Hamiltonian does not specify completely the quantum Hamiltonian, due to the problem of ordering quantum operators in products. When the Hamiltonian is a quadratic function of the momentum variables, the integral over momenta is Gaussian and can be performed. In the separable example, the path integral of Chapter 2 is recovered. In the case of the charged particle in a magnetic field a more general form is found, which is ambiguous, since a problem of operator ordering arises, and the ambiguity must be fixed. Hamiltonians that are general quadratic functions provide other important examples, which are analysed thoroughly. Such Hamiltonians appear in the quantization of the motion on Riemannian manifolds. There, the problem of ambiguities is even more severe. The problem is illustrated by the analysis of the quantization of the free motion on the sphere SN−1.