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Physics Letters A

Precision determination of the fine structure of the 4d state in sodium using level crossing spectroscopy

Kent A. Fredriksson, Sune R. Svanberg

Published May 1, 1975• 20 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0375-9601(75)90346-1

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We report the measurements of the temperature dependence of the cross section 4D for the energy pooling process Na(3P)+Na(3P) Na(4D)+Na(3S). The latest two, as yet undisputed, results for 4D obtained by different authors at T = 597 K and T = 483 K suggest that this cross section decreases with increasing T , which contradicts the theory and other experiments on similar processes. To resolve this controversy and to examine the temperature trend of the cross section, we have measured the 4D in the temperature range 567-705 K, covering the high-temperature region that has not yet been investigated experimentally. To determine 4D we have excited sodium atoms in the quasistatic wing of the D1 line using a cw dye laser and measured the fluorescence intensity for the 4D 3P 3/2 transition, relative to the intensity of the optically thin quasistatic wing of the D2 line. The spatial distribution of the number density of the sodium atoms in the 3P 3/2 state and the sodium ground-state number density were measured too. The method used for the determination of the cross section is advantageous since it entirely circumvents the need to account for the radiation trapping of 3P level radiation, which was substantial under experimental conditions of the ground-state densities being 10 14 -10 16 cm -3 . The measurements of the cross section 4D in the investigated temperature range have shown that it increases as ~exp(- E / kT ). From the experiment we obtained E = (608±95) cm -1 , which is in excellent agreement with the energy defect (613 cm -1 ) for the considered process, and in fair agreement with the values which follow from recent theoretical calculations.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Oct 14, 1999•5 citations
The fine-structure splitting of the 4F4F4F state of atomic sodium is determined using the technique of two-photon spectroscopy with a resonant intermediate state. The sensitivity of this Doppler-free technique allows observation of the electric-dipole-forbidden $3S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4F$ two-photon transition. The 4F4F4F fine-structure splitting is found to be 229\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 MHz. Its sign and magnitude are hydrogenic, in complete contrast to the DDD levels of Na.
The sodium atom is excited selectively in the 4D3/2 or 4D 5/2 level using Doppler-free two-photon absorption. We analyse the fluorescence in intensity and polarization in presence of noble gas atoms. We measure the cross-sections corresponding to the transfer of population between 4D3/2 and 4D5/2 and between 4D and 4F, the relaxation of alignment in both fine sublevels and the transfer of alignment. In particular, we have observed a transfer of alignment in the case of helium and neon perturbers.
We report the measurements of the temperature dependence of the cross section 4D for the energy pooling process Na(3P)+Na(3P) Na(4D)+Na(3S). The latest two, as yet undisputed, results for 4D obtained by different authors at T = 597 K and T = 483 K suggest that this cross section decreases with increasing T , which contradicts the theory and other experiments on similar processes. To resolve this controversy and to examine the temperature trend of the cross section, we have measured the 4D in the temperature range 567-705 K, covering the high-temperature region that has not yet been investigated experimentally. To determine 4D we have excited sodium atoms in the quasistatic wing of the D1 line using a cw dye laser and measured the fluorescence intensity for the 4D 3P 3/2 transition, relative to the intensity of the optically thin quasistatic wing of the D2 line. The spatial distribution of the number density of the sodium atoms in the 3P 3/2 state and the sodium ground-state number density were measured too. The method used for the determination of the cross section is advantageous since it entirely circumvents the need to account for the radiation trapping of 3P level radiation, which was substantial under experimental conditions of the ground-state densities being 10 14 -10 16 cm -3 . The measurements of the cross section 4D in the investigated temperature range have shown that it increases as ~exp(- E / kT ). From the experiment we obtained E = (608±95) cm -1 , which is in excellent agreement with the energy defect (613 cm -1 ) for the considered process, and in fair agreement with the values which follow from recent theoretical calculations.