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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Noise cancellation properties of displacement noise free interferometer

Shuichi Sato, Seiji Kawamura, A. Nishizawa, Yanbei Chen

Published May 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have demonstrated the practical feasibility of a displacement- and frequency-noise-free laser interferometer (DFI) by partially implementing a recently proposed optical configuration using bi-directional Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The noise cancellation efficiency was evaluated by comparing the displacement noise spectrum of the MZIs and the DFI, demonstrating up to 50 dB of noise cancellation. In addition, the possible extension of DFI as QND device is explored.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/228/1/012026

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We have demonstrated the practical feasibility of a displacement- and frequency-noise-free laser interferometer (DFI) by partially implementing a recently proposed optical configuration using bi-directional Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The noise cancellation efficiency was evaluated by comparing the displacement noise spectrum of the MZIs and the DFI, demonstrating up to 50 dB of noise cancellation. In addition, the possible extension of DFI as QND device is explored.
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A novel noise-suppressing and lock-free interferometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in the study of the quantum non-destructive (QND) interaction of cold atoms. A QND measurement based on far-off resonant dispersive probing is usually carried out by a Mach-Zehnder type interferometer. It is an experimental challenge in its own right to reduce the classical noise, such as acoustic noise, phase noise and amplitude noise of lasers, and to lock the interferometer at the white-light position that corresponds to a nearly zero path-length difference. Here, we report an interferometer with an inserted acousto-optic modulator (AOM). It is noise immune and lock-free in principle. The experiments show that the new interferometer is able to measure cold atoms for more than 30 minutes and reduce the phase noise by about 30 dB.
The concept of dispersion cancellation has been established in light optics to improve the resolution of interferometric measurements on dispersive media. Odd order dispersion cancellation allows to measure phase shifts without defocusing the interferometer due to wave packet displacements, while even order dispersion cancellation allows to measure time lags without losing resolution due to wave packet spreading. We report that either type of dispersion cancellation can be realized very easily in a triple Laue interferometer. Such interferometers are Mach–Zehnder interferometers based on Bragg diffraction, and are commonly used for neutrons and x-rays. Although the first x-ray interferometer was built nearly five decades ago, the feature of dispersion cancellation hasnʼt been recognized so far because the concept was hardly known in the neutron and x-ray community. However, it explains right away the surprising decoupling of phase shift and spatial displacement that we have discovered recently in neutron interferometry (Lemmel and Wagh 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 033626). Furthermore, this article might inspire the light optics community to consider whether a triple Laue interferometer for laser light would be useful and feasible. We explain how dispersion cancellation works in neutron interferometry, and we describe the setup rigorously by solving the Schrodinger equation and by calculating the path integral. We point out, that the latter has to be evaluated with special care since in our setup the beam trajectory moves with respect to the crystal lattice of the interferometer.
The suppression of laser excess noise using a cascaded imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with fiber optic components was proposed and demonstrated in the experiment.By developing an automatic phase control system,the phase of the fiber interferometer with a large path imbalance(127m)can be stabilized in a long term,and the laser excess noise around 800 kHz and its integer multiples can be efficiently suppressed by more than 45 dB.The effective frequency bands of the noise filter can be controlled by adjusting the arm-length difference of the interferometer.The approach provides an effective solution for achieving compact and cost-effective laser noise reduction,and can be applied directly to the quantum optomechanical system where shot-noise-limited laser can be required.
An experimental study was carried out on the performance of a feedback stabilization scheme for optical interferometers. Optical interferometers are susceptible to acoustic noise which translates into path length fluctuations in the interferometer arms. These fluctuations induce phase noise, resulting in amplitude fluctuations on the interferometer output. The experiment was performed on a Mach-Zehnder homodyne interferometer where a RMS noise reduction of 23 dB was observed. The stabilization scheme has application to other interferometer configurations. In the future, it will be applied to stabilize cavities used in the squeezed state generation of light. (Author)