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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Measurements of amplitude and frequencies of subwavelength oscillations of atoms using resonance fluorescence of three levels atom in two standing waves

N. A. Enaki, Sergiu Bazgan, Ion Nicolae Mihailescu

Published Feb 21, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The resonance fluorescence of an atomic (or ion) system implanted in the materials driving two standing waves of the optical cavity is studied taking into consideration the delocalization of the atom. It is demonstrated that the resonance fluorescence depends on the position of atoms (or ions) relative the nodes or antinodes of standing waves. This situation gives us the possibility to measure the amplitude of mechanical oscillations of these radiators implanted in organic or inorganic materials. It is proposed to measure the amplitude of the mechanical oscillations relative to the equilibrium position using the time changes in the positions of the five peaks of the resonance fluorescence spectrum. In this case, the small oscillation amplitude relative to the standing wave length can drastically change the spectrum of resonance fluorescence of such atoms. The proposed method can be used in the measurements of the nanostructure temperature (or bio-molecule temperature deformation).

DOI
10.1117/12.2070332

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The resonance fluorescence of an atomic (or ion) system implanted in the materials driving two standing waves of the optical cavity is studied taking into consideration the delocalization of the atom. It is demonstrated that the resonance fluorescence depends on the position of atoms (or ions) relative the nodes or antinodes of standing waves. This situation gives us the possibility to measure the amplitude of mechanical oscillations of these radiators implanted in organic or inorganic materials. It is proposed to measure the amplitude of the mechanical oscillations relative to the equilibrium position using the time changes in the positions of the five peaks of the resonance fluorescence spectrum. In this case, the small oscillation amplitude relative to the standing wave length can drastically change the spectrum of resonance fluorescence of such atoms. The proposed method can be used in the measurements of the nanostructure temperature (or bio-molecule temperature deformation).
A beam of two-level atoms or ions excited by the resonant laser radiation orthogonal to the beam is observed from the third orthogonal direction. The well known resonance fluorescence three-peaked spectrum is deformed when the atoms or ions forming the beam oscillate at the Rabi frequency in the direction of the laser radiation wavevector, and the characteristic feature appears on the spectrum. The calculation based on the Bloch equations is presented and possible applications of the effect are discussed.
The possibility of manipulating the position of atoms dressed in the standing field of the cavity, based on the resonance fluorescence emission, is discussed. Stark dynamics modification and the strong coupling between two undistinguishable radiators situated in non-symmetric positions of the anti-nodes are investigated. The fluorescent spectrum is shown versus the second atom localization and external field parameters. We describe the conditions in which the Rabi frequencies of atoms change their correlations and cooperative emission.
Entanglement of the atom and field leads towards the measurement of the state of the atom or field depending on the kind of measurement made. Taking advantage of this fact, we propose spectroscopic methods for the single atom localization within the subwavelength domain of the optical standing wave field. \n \nWhen a two-level atom interacts with some intense radiation field the spectrum of the scattered light signal exhibits a three-peak Mollow spectrum. We propose a scheme of atom localization based on the resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom interacting with a standing wave field. The Rabi frequency is considered to be position dependent and therefore, the spontaneously emitted photon carries the information about the center-of-mass motion of the atom. This leads to the localization of the single atom by measuring the frequency of the spontaneously emitted photon even during the passage of the atom through the standing wave field. We predict a spatial resolution in position information of up to λ/60 where λ is the optical wavelength. \n \nDetuning of the coherent field with the atomic transition plays an important role in the characterization of the peaks present in the Autler- Townes spectrum of a three-level atom. Strong line narrowing is observed in one of the peaks of the Autler- Townes doublet depending on the choice of the detuning. We investigate how this detuning effects the position information of the atom inside the standing wave field in upper-level and lower-level coupling schemes of Autler- Townes microscopy. We show an enhancement in precision position measurement by factor of at least 4 in upper-level coupling scheme due to the quantum interference phenomenon. This enhancement is not observed in lower-level coupling scheme where the quantum interference is not taking place. \n \nWe also consider a system where a three-level atom is interacting with a monochromatic radiation field in such a way that the decay takes place from upper level to the intermediate level with a rate T and from intermediate level to lower level at a rate γ. This type of system exhibits a non stationary scattered light signal. We report the results of the spontaneous emission spectrum for non stationary scattered light signal by using the definition of time-dependent physical spectrum. This is a rare example of problems where time-dependent physical spectrum can be calculated exactly. We study the characteristics of the spontaneous spectrum for a resonant and off-resonant case and show that this physical spectrum recovers the results of earlier work quite successfully. We also show that the decay rate r disturbs the atomic coherence and finally eliminates the dark line from the center of the spontaneous spectrum. Here we only consider upper-level coupling case for the time-dependent spontaneous spectrum because in lower-level coupling case the system automatically evolved a pumping mechanism due to the coupling of ground level to the upper level via radiation field. Thus a steady-state limit exists in lower-level coupling scheme. \n \nWe investigate the phenomenon of atom localization by using the non stationary Autler-Townes microscopy. The decay rate T reduces the precision in position measurement which is consistent with the results of the non stationary spontaneous emission spectrum. This is due to the fact that for the upper-level coupling case, the standing wave field is coupled to atomic transition and it induces a coherence in the upper-level atomic transition but the spontaneous decay from the upper level to the intermediate level disturbs this coherence. When the effect of the spontaneous decay dominates the coherence effect the quantum interference phenomenon vanishes and thus the precision in localization reduces.
The influence of the standing wave amplitude on the resonance fluorescence of a three-level system of radiators is discussed. Great attention is devoted to the peculiarities of dressed states in the standing wave and the exchange integrals between two atoms situated in the anti-nodes or the nodes. The correlation functions of emitted photons at two dressed frequencies were obtained. It is shown that in the case when the distance between two atoms is smaller than the wavelength of the field, the emitted photons are strongly correlated. As was observed, for large values of laser field intensity, the control of spontaneous emission is possible at two frequencies as well as the atom–atom interaction process. The dependence of the fluorescent light spectrum as a function of the position of two atoms dressed in the standing wave is investigated.