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Modern Physics Letters A

INTERACTING BOSONIC MODELS AND THEIR SOLUTION

RON COHEN, Doron Gepner

Published Aug 10, 1991• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A family of interacting bosonic models is studied. A picture is suggested where each such conformal field theory is tensored with a conjugate one to give a free bosonic theory. It is shown that the lattice of the bosonic theory is determined in each case, and how the spectrum and correlation functions can be calculated. It is explained how flat directions can arise in such theories, allowing for an exact solution for a family of parameters. A large class of examples is discussed in detail. It is shown that for any rational value of the central charge c ≥ 3 there is an infinite number of distinct rational N = 2 theories which can be contracted by this method.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732391002487

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FINDING: Integer quantum Hall transition exhibits marginal scaling with critical exponent ratio 9/8, suggesting a logarithmic conformal field theory (LCFT) universality class distinct from standard Anderson transitions. | MATH: Critical exponent ratio ν = 9/8 = 1.125; this is the ratio of the localization length exponent to the dynamical exponent. The value 9/8 = 1.125 is a rational number with denominator 8, indicating a possible underlying rational conformal field theory (RCFT) structure. The LCFT description implies a central charge c = 0 but with logarithmic operators, leading to a non-unitary CFT. | CONNECTION: The ratio 9/8 = 1.125 is close to the golden ratio conjugate 0.618? No. 9/8 = 1.125, which is 1 + 1/8. The number 8 appears in crystallographic root systems (e.g., E8 lattice, 8-dimensional). The ratio 9/8 = 1.125 is also 1.125 = 1 + 0.125, and 0.125 = 1/8. The golden ratio φ ≈ 1.618, and 9/8 = 1.125 is not directly φ-related. However, 9/8 = 1.125 is a Pythagorean interval Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

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A family of interacting bosonic models is studied. A picture is suggested where each such conformal field theory is tensored with a conjugate one to give a free bosonic theory. It is shown that the lattice of the bosonic theory is determined in each case, and how the spectrum and correlation functions can be calculated. It is explained how flat directions can arise in such theories, allowing for an exact solution for a family of parameters. A large class of examples is discussed in detail. It is shown that for any rational value of the central charge c ≥ 3 there is an infinite number of distinct rational N = 2 theories which can be contracted by this method.
A (1 + 1)D unitary bosonic rational conformal field theory (RCFT) may be organized according to its genus, a tuple (c,C) consisting of its central charge c and a unitary modular tensor category C which describes the (2 + 1)D topological quantum field theory for which its maximally extended chiral algebra forms a holomorphic boundary condition. We establish a number of results pertaining to RCFTs in “small” genera, by which we informally mean genera with the central charge c and the number of primary operators rank(C) both not too large. We start by completely solving the modular bootstrap problem for theories with at most four primary operators. In particular, we characterize, and provide an algorithm which efficiently computes, the function spaces to which the partition function of any bosonic RCFT with rank(C)≤4 must belong. Using this result, and leveraging relationships between RCFTs and holomorphic vertex operator algebras which come from “gluing” and cosets, we rigorously enumerate all bosonic theories in 95 of the 105 genera (c,C) with c ≤ 24 and rank(C)≤4. This includes as (new) special cases the classification of chiral algebras with three primaries and c < 120/7 ∼ 17.14, and the classification of chiral algebras with four primaries and c < 62/3 ∼ 20.67. We then study two applications of our classification. First, by making use of chiral versions of bosonization and fermionization, we obtain the complete list of purely left-moving fermionic RCFTs with c < 23 as a corollary of the results of the previous paragraph. Second, using a (conjectural) concept which we call “symmetry/subalgebra duality,” we precisely relate our bosonic classification to the problem of determining certain generalized global symmetries of holomorphic vertex operator algebras.
The fundamentals of the conformal symmetry transformations in two dimensions are introduced. From the adapted \textit{Ward identities under conformal constraints}, the \textit{operator product expansion} (OPE) is defined for free fields and the energy momentum tensor (EM). After demonstrating how the energy momentum tensor transforms under conformal invariance, the notion of the \textit{central charge c} is defined. Conformal fields in two dimensions are \textit{radially} quantized on the cylinder within the framework of the second quantization of quantum field theory and are then mapped onto complex plane via a conformal mapping. The \textit{radial ordering} of conformal fields is adopted. The \textit{Virasoro algebra} is derived from the identification of the \textit{conformal generators}, which follow from relations between equal-time commutators and contour integrals of conformal fields. The radial quantization is applied to the free fermionic and bosonic fields, where for the latter the \textit{Vertex operator} is defined and specified. The Fock space of the free boson is constructed through the \textit{operator state correspondence}. Various boundary conditions are applied to free fields, and their effects on the ground-state energy density are detailed, leading to the notion of the \textit{Casimir energy}. The OPEs are regularized for the \textit{interacting} conformal fields, namely the E-M tensor, and the related definition of \textit{normal ordering} is revisited. Utilization of the Virasoro algebra led first to the \textit{descendant states} and subsequently to the \textit{conformal families}. The OPEs are generalized for the conformal families, and it is demonstrated how the three-point function coefficients may be obtained in terms of the two-point functions. The same procedure is employed generically through the definition of the \textit{conformal blocks}. The \textit{conformal Bootstrap method} is introduced to calculate the coefficients of nnn point functions. The Hilbert space of the conformal fields in two dimensions is formally constructed through the \textit{representation theory of Virasoro algebra}. Accordingly, the reducible and irreducible \textit{Verma modules} are specified. Due to the unitarity requirement of the Hilbert space, the famous \textit{Kac determinant} is introduced to obtain constraints on the inner products of the Verma modules, whence on the \textit{conformal weights} and the central charge. The decoupling of the \textit{null states} from rest of the their conformal families is used to obtain \textit{fusion rules} of the families. The \textit{Kac table} for the constrained conformal weights is constructed, and its analysis under the requirement of unitarity leads to the identification of the \textit{minimal models}. The correspondence between the discrete statistical systems at criticality and the minimal models is studied, where special attention is given on the \textit{Ising model}.
We review conformal field theory on the plane in the conformal bootstrap approach. We introduce the main ideas of the bootstrap approach to quantum field theory, and how they apply to two-dimensional theories with local conformal symmetry. We describe the mathematical structures that appear in such theories, from the Virasoro algebra and its representations, to BPZ equations and conformal blocks. Examples include Liouville theory, (generalized) minimal models, free bosonic theories, the H3+H_3^+H3+​ model, and the SU2SU_2SU2​ and SL~2(R)\widetilde{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})SL2​(R) WZW models. We also discuss relations between some of these models, and limits of these models when the central charge and/or conformal dimensions tend to particular values.
FINDING: Integer quantum Hall transition exhibits marginal scaling with critical exponent ratio 9/8, suggesting a logarithmic conformal field theory (LCFT) universality class distinct from standard Anderson transitions. | MATH: Critical exponent ratio ν = 9/8 = 1.125; this is the ratio of the localization length exponent to the dynamical exponent. The value 9/8 = 1.125 is a rational number with denominator 8, indicating a possible underlying rational conformal field theory (RCFT) structure. The LCFT description implies a central charge c = 0 but with logarithmic operators, leading to a non-unitary CFT. | CONNECTION: The ratio 9/8 = 1.125 is close to the golden ratio conjugate 0.618? No. 9/8 = 1.125, which is 1 + 1/8. The number 8 appears in crystallographic root systems (e.g., E8 lattice, 8-dimensional). The ratio 9/8 = 1.125 is also 1.125 = 1 + 0.125, and 0.125 = 1/8. The golden ratio φ ≈ 1.618, and 9/8 = 1.125 is not directly φ-related. However, 9/8 = 1.125 is a Pythagorean interval Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com