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Chinese Science Bulletin

Single atoms in the ring lattice for quantum information processing and quantum simulation

Shi Yu, Xiaodong He, Peng Xu, Min Liu, Jin Wang, Mingsheng Zhan

Published May 30, 2012• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have demonstrated preparing and rotating single neutral rubidium atoms in an optical ring lattice generated by a spatial light modulator, inserting two atoms into a single microscopic optical potential efficiently by dynamically reshaping the optical dipole trap, trapping single atoms in a blue detuned optical bottle beam trap, and confining single atoms into the Lamb-Dicke regime by combining red and blue detuned optical potentials. In combination with the manipulation of internal states of single atoms, the study is opening a way for research in the field of quantum information processing and quantum simulation. In this paper we review the past works and discuss the prospects.

DOI
10.1007/s11434-012-5153-8

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We have demonstrated preparing and rotating single neutral rubidium atoms in an optical ring lattice generated by a spatial light modulator, inserting two atoms into a single microscopic optical potential efficiently by dynamically reshaping the optical dipole trap, trapping single atoms in a blue detuned optical bottle beam trap, and confining single atoms into the Lamb-Dicke regime by combining red and blue detuned optical potentials. In combination with the manipulation of internal states of single atoms, the study is opening a way for research in the field of quantum information processing and quantum simulation. In this paper we review the past works and discuss the prospects.
We demonstrated trapping two neutral (87)Rb atoms in a two site optical ring lattice generated by reflecting a single laser beam from a computer controlled spatial light modulator directly. The ring lattice was transformed into a Gaussian trap by dynamically displaying the holograms animation movie on the modulator. The trapped atoms follow the evolution of traps and move into the same microscopic dipole trap at the end. The detected success rate of this manipulation is larger than 90%. Under imposing the near resonance light, we observed strong light-induce collision between two atoms.
We demonstrated trapping single neutral Rb atoms in micro traps of an optical ring lattice formed by superposing the +/-l components of the Laguerre-Gaussian mode, and generated by reflecting a single laser beam from a computer controlled spatial light modulator. A single atom in one trap or two atoms with one each in two traps were identified by observing the fluorescence. The trap array loaded with single atoms was rotated by dynamically displaying the hologram animation movie on the modulator. The modulation period in the fluorescence indicates the rotation of one or two single atoms in the lattice.
Single atoms are a promising candidate for the creation of a scalable quantum computer. Neutral atoms trapped by optical fields are especially encouraging due to the full controllability of the trap potential. Single neutral atoms trapped within a fibre-fibre cavity allow us to strongly couple atoms and photons. This creates an efficient atom-photon interface which can compensate for the short state transfer distance inherent of neutral atoms. A spatial light modulator allows for the creation and manipulation of an array of these single atom traps.\n\nIn this research we create a setup to cool and trap neutral rubidium-87 atoms by a combination of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and a dipole trap. The dipole trap uses a strongly focused, far red-detuned laser, which enables us to trap single atoms via the collisional blockade regime. These traps are realised within a novel glass cell, allowing for great optical access.\n\nThe MOT in this setup is able to trap (4.27 +/- 0.10) * 10^3 atoms with a density of (7.89 +/- 0.56) * 10^9 atoms cm^-3 . The MOT temperature is in the order of 100 μK. We also show the manipulation of these properties, allowing us to tailor the MOT. The dipole trap is created with a trap waist of 37 μm, allowing us to trap a cloud of atoms. With the dipole trap we achieve a lifetime of atoms of (34.8 +/- 2.0) ms.
In this thesis we study: the dynamics leading to a near-deterministic preparation of single atoms in a microscopic optical dipole trap; the non destructive imaging and counting of trapped atoms; and a system for sorting single atoms between optical dipole traps using a high numerical aperture lens and a spatial light modulator. \n \nWe near-deterministically prepare trapped single Rubidium atoms by exposing them to a tailored light field which induces light assisted collisions. By preparing pairs of Rubidium atoms in an optical micro-trap we can study the outcome of light assisted collisions at the single event level. Using this knowledge we tailor the light such that each collision releases only enough energy for one atom of a colliding atom-pair to escape the trap. This thereby yields an 83% single atom loading efficiency. \n \n \nWe demonstrate a method to count small numbers of atoms held in a deep, microscopic optical dipole trap by collecting fluorescence from atoms exposed to a standing wave of light that is blue-detuned from resonance. While scattering photons, the atoms are cooled by a Sisyphus mechanism that results from the spatial variation in light intensity. The use of a small blue detuning limits the losses due to light assisted collisions, thereby making the method suitable for counting several atoms in a microscopic volume. \n \nWe create two overlapping one-dimensional optical lattices using a single laser beam, a spatial light modulator and a high numerical aperture lens. These lattices have the potential to trap single atoms, and using the dynamic capabilities of the spatial light modulator may shift and sort atoms to a minimum atom-atom separation of 1.52 µm. We show how a simple feedback circuit can compensate for the spatial light modulator's intensity modulation.
Abstract \nThis work is split into two parts, in part one of this thesis we report on the improvement of the lifetime of a quantum memory based on neutral atoms while in part two we will focus on a new setup to perform experiments on neutral atoms within a 2D optical lattice. In the quantum memory experiment we used a blue-detuned optical dipole trap to confine the atoms in a minimum intensity region of the light beam, reducing dephasing due to differential light shift. We saw improvement in comparison to a previous experiment \nusing red-detuned dipole traps. The anticipated lifetime could not be reached, however. We observed oscillations of the retrievability of our stored state which we explain by the evolution of the transversal component of the spinwave using Monte-Carlo simulations. In the second part we report on our new setup, built to investigate a broad range of \nexperiments regarding 2D physics on optical lattices. This field is of special interest as it allows to simulate Hamiltonians of a wide range e.g. from solid state physics and opens possibilities regarding large-scale Entanglement/one-way computing. In particular we discuss 2D Mott-insulators, 2D-Bloch oscillation induced transport phenomena and ring-exchange in a superlattice plaquette. \n