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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Atomic transfer between two magneto-optical traps

María Martínez Valado, Alicia V. Carpentier, Humberto Michinel, José Antonio Nóvoa López, David Novoa, José R. Salgueiro

Published May 21, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We design an experiment to obtain a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) using 87Rb atoms. Taking advantage of this setup, we develop a simple and efficient method to transfer atoms from a first Magneto- Optical-Trap(MOT) to a second one. Our system consists of two glass vacuum cells horizontally connected with a MOT aligned at the center of each cell. Once rubidium atoms are loaded into the first MOT, the pushig beam forces them to move forward to the second MOT. We use a near-resonant weak laser beam to make the atoms reach the second cell. MOT1 and MOT2 both run in retroreflected-three beam MOT configuration.

DOI
10.1117/12.892169

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We design an experiment to obtain a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) using 87Rb atoms. Taking advantage of this setup, we develop a simple and efficient method to transfer atoms from a first Magneto- Optical-Trap(MOT) to a second one. Our system consists of two glass vacuum cells horizontally connected with a MOT aligned at the center of each cell. Once rubidium atoms are loaded into the first MOT, the pushig beam forces them to move forward to the second MOT. We use a near-resonant weak laser beam to make the atoms reach the second cell. MOT1 and MOT2 both run in retroreflected-three beam MOT configuration.
Since the first experimental demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in an alkali-metal vapor, this subject has been attracting remarkable interests in the physics society. Hundreds of theoretical works concerning this subject have been reported so far. However, the number of reports about BEC experiments is much less than that of the theoretical works. This is because only a few experimental groups have succeeded in realizing BEC due to the experimental complexity and difficulties. The first step to create BEC in alkali-metal vapor is to collect a large number of atoms (/spl sim/-10/sup 9/) in an ultrahigh vacuum (/spl sim/10/sup 11/ torr). Recently, a double magneto-optical trap (MOT) system has been utilized for the first step. In this system, the atoms are first captured in a MOT from a vapor, and then transferred through a thin tube to the second MOT in an ultrahigh vacuum. To transfer the atoms, a pushing beam and a magnetic field are usually required to guide the atoms along the transfer tube. In the paper we report a simple double MOT system which uses neither a push beam nor a magnetic field to transfer the atoms. The atoms are transferred just by gravity. We can collect up to 2 x 10/sup 9/ rubidium atoms in the ultrahigh-vacuum MOT with this system and can achieve the BEC.
This thesis reports on the generation of MOT for laser cooling and trapping of Rubidium 87 atoms. Probe-pump technique have been used in Rb gas cell and doppler free absorption peaks has been observed. Peak at the crossover frequency will be locked for laser cooling and repump beams. This locked freuqency used in MOT to trap Rb atoms. The technique of optical molasses is used to cool the atoms and quadrupole magnetic field applied to confine or trap atoms at the center of MOT. Two chambers are constructed for 2D and 3D MOT with different pressure. Rb atoms loaded efficiently from the high flux cold atom beam generated in a compact 2D MOT. This is the first step of Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC). A performance of 2D MOT was tested by another main chamber of 3D MOT contains 3 pairs of counter-propagating beams. Over 5x10⁶ atoms trapped in a 3D MOT with loading rate of 1:8x10⁶ atoms/sec. This experiment provided an excellent starting point for future experiment on Rydberg atoms in dense ultracold quantum gases.
This work describes the design and construction of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) apparatus at the University of Toronto. The aim of the experiment is to create a Bose-Einstein condensate out of a vapour cloud of 87Rb atoms using a combination of laser cooling, magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling. The design and construction of all of the constituent parts necessary for the realization of these techniques are described in this work. The apparatus consists of two magneto-optical traps (MOTs, whereby the atoms are collected from a background vapour into the first MOT, and then transferred into the second MOT, which is in a region of ultra-high vacuum (
This thesis describes the design, construction and optimisation of a new apparatus to produce Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of 87Rb atoms. The main aim in building this system was to include a high resolution imaging system capable of resolving single atoms. Optical access for the imaging system was created by including a stage of atom transport in which the atoms are magnetically transferred ~50 cm from a magneto-optical trap (MOT), where they are initially collected, to a glass science cell where experiments are carried out and imaging takes place. Two magnetic transport schemes have been demonstrated, based on approaches first used in other laboratories. First, a scheme in which the atoms are transferred in a moving pair of magnetic trapping coils. Second, a hybrid scheme where the atoms are translated part of the distance in the moving coils, and the rest of the way by switching the current in a chain of fixed coils. This second scheme was designed to allow optical access for a high numerical aperture microscope objective to be placed immediately next to the science cell for high resolution imaging.The atoms were first collected in a large pyramid MOT which can be loaded with 3 × 10^9 atoms in a time of 20 s. Around half of these atoms – those in the |F = 1, mF = −1> magnetic substate – were then magnetically trapped prior to transport. The typical fraction of the trapped atoms transferred to the science cell was ~30% and ~18% for the moving coils and hybrid schemes respectively.Evaporative cooling was carried out on the atom cloud following transport with the moving coils and loading into a time-orbiting potential trap. The optimised cooling sequence lasted for 28 s and consistently produced a pure condensate with 5 × 10^5 atoms. A BEC has also been produced by evaporative cooling following hybrid transport. The next experimental steps will be to optimise the hybrid transfer approach further and install the high resolution imaging system.The system is well-placed to continue an ongoing series of experiments in which ultracold atoms are trapped in RF-dressed potentials. These potentials will be used to study low-dimensional quantum gases as well as in experiments where small atom number BECs are rapidly rotated to enter the fractional quantum Hall regime.
A rubidium double magneto-optical trap(MOT) system for Bose-Einstein condensation experiments has been set up. A slow atomic beam has been obtained with a low-velocity intense source (LVIS) and used to transfer atoms into an ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) MOT. By maintaining a pressure difference of 3 orders between LVIS-MOT and UHV-MOT, a lowest pressure of 1×10-9Pa can be achieved in UHV-MOT. The flux of the slow atomic beam is 1×109/s. About 4×108 87Rb atoms can be loaded into UHV-MOT. In this paper, maximum number of atoms captured in MOTs under two typical conditions have also been discussed.
We describe our high-performance experimental apparatus for producing large atom number 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates by using a double magneto-optical trap (MOT) system that consists of a two-dimensional MOT (2D MOT) and a three-dimensional MOT (3D MOT). As an atomic beam source for loading the 3D MOT, we use a unique 2D MOT system with two-color pushing beams, which increase the loading rate and the total number of atoms in the 3D MOT, compared to a pure 2D MOT by a factor of 20. After MOT compression and polarization gradient cooling, atoms are optically pumped into a magnetically trappable hyperfine state |F = 1, m F = −1〉 to be loaded into a quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration (QUIC) trap. We enhance this optical pumping process by up to 300% by using two laser beams. After rf evaporative cooling, a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with more than 2 × 107 atoms is achieved.