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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Fluorescence from N three-level atoms in an ideal cavity

Vladimír Bužek, L. H. Lan, A.S. Shumovsky, Tran Quang

Published Jan 14, 1990• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The problem of N three-level atoms interacting with two resonant cavity modes in an ideal cavity is considered. The spectral properties of the fluorescence field are discussed. It is shown that the sidebands of the fluorescence prove to be sources of the intense field ( approximately N2) which has sub-Poissonian statistics. The squeezing of the spectrum components is also discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/23/1/013

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The problem of N three-level atoms interacting with two resonant cavity modes in an ideal cavity is considered. The spectral properties of the fluorescence field are discussed. It is shown that the sidebands of the fluorescence prove to be sources of the intense field ( approximately N2) which has sub-Poissonian statistics. The squeezing of the spectrum components is also discussed.
We consider the possible physical processes that may arise in a three-level atom when only two of its levels interact with a strong electromagnetic field and when the atomic transition frequency is nearly equal to once and twice the frequency of the laser field, respectively. There have been found pronounced cooperative effects in the spectrum of the two-level system, which is in resonance with the laser field, arising from the presence of the third level. The excitation spectra describing the transitions from the first excited state into the second excited state and from that to the ground state consist, apart from the two central peaks, of two pairs of sidebands which are induced by the laser field of the neighbouring system. Detailed expressions of the spectral functions for the physical processes of one- and two-photon resonance fluorescence have been derived and discussed in the limit of high photon densities. The excitation spectrum of the low frequency modes has been considered and discussed in detail. It is found that quantum beats in spontaneous emission may appear in the spectra of the one- and two-photon resonance fluorescence arising from the interference between the two atomic transition frequencies and the frequency of the laser field. The importance of the low frequency modes that occur in the processes in question has been pointed out.
The interaction between a single-mode cavity field and a string of three-level atoms of cascade type with equally spaced energy levels is investigated. The matrix elements of dipole transitions between adjacent levels are different. Trapping conditions for the flying time in the cavity as well as the explicit state of the field are found. The results are shown to be qualitatively different from the case of two-level systems. The properties of cavity fields are examined. In various limits, the state exhibits vacuum nutation as well as sub-Poissonian statistics and squeezing properties.
A new possibility of generating one-mode squeezed light by coupling a system of two-level atom with a bichromatic pump field in an optical cavity is suggested. The non-classical character of light in this process is caused by two-photon radiation at the central frequency of the spectrum of resonance fluorescence in the bichromatic field. The intensity of the resonance fluorescence cavity output field as well as the variance of the quadrature amplitudes and the second-order correlation function of intensity are calculated.
The resonance fluorescence spectrum of one and two two-level atoms in an ideal cavity with one resonant mode is investigated as a function of the initial excitation of the system. The analysis is carried out in the Stark representation with respect to the cavity's field and in first-order perturbation theory with respect to the fluorescence field. In the absence of the field of the cavity (n c = 0) and under an initial excitation of one atom only, the spectrum consists of two lines which are symmetrical with respect to ωa. In all other cases the spectrum has a central line at ωa and other lines at ωa ± 2 Ω. The intensity of the higher (ωa ± 4 Ω) harmonics is small and decreases as 1/ 2 c c with increasing n>c. The nonlinearity of the interaction hamiltonian results in the parametric (with respect to the field of the cavity) amplification of the ωa + 2 Ω harmonic and the attenuation of the ωa − 2 Ω harmonic. The stimulated emission of the ωa ± 2 Ω harmonics, vanishing in a strong (n c » 1) field, is shown to exist for two atoms.