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Low Temperature Physics

Why quantum engineering?

Alexandre M. Zagoskin

Published Oct 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Progress in experimental techniques and theoretical modeling has made it possible to fabricate and test macroscopic structures which use quantum coherent solid state qubits as building blocks. The results of this quantum engineering are likely to go far beyond the limited goals of quantum computing and quantum communication and may provide a direct way to explore the quantum-classical boundary. Some recent developments are discussed.

DOI
10.1063/1.3515522

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Progress in experimental techniques and theoretical modeling has made it possible to fabricate and test macroscopic structures which use quantum coherent solid state qubits as building blocks. The results of this quantum engineering are likely to go far beyond the limited goals of quantum computing and quantum communication and may provide a direct way to explore the quantum-classical boundary. Some recent developments are discussed.
'Quantum Engineering' covers the theory, design, fabrication and applications of quantum coherent solid-state structures. This updated and expanded second edition provides a self-contained presentation of the theoretical methods and experimental results in both first and second waves of quantum technology innovation. Topics span the quantum theory of electric circuits, theoretical methods of quantum optics in application to solid-state circuits, the quantum theory of noise, decoherence and measurements, Landauer formalism for quantum transport, the physics of weak superconductivity and the physics of two-dimensional electron gas in semiconductor heterostructures. The author introduces microscopic ion- and defect-based qubits, currently among the most successful platforms for quantum computation and quantum sensing. Reflecting the significant progress of quantum hardware, state-of-the-art implementations such as quantum metamaterials and quantum reservoir computing are also added to the discussion. Written for graduate students in physics, this book also serves electronic engineers working in quantum engineering.
Quantum technologies went through an explosive development since the beginning of the century. The progress in the field of superconducting quantum structures was especially fast. As the result, the design and characterization of large quantum coherent structures became an engineering problem. We will discuss the current status of the emerging discipline of quantum engineering and possible ways of meeting its main challenge, the fundamental impossibility of an efficient modelling of a quantum system using classical means.
Quantum engineering represents a burgeoning field at the intersection of quantum mechanics, engineering, and technology, aimed at harnessing the unique properties of quantum systems for practical applications. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in quantum engineering and explores the diverse array of applications enabled by quantum phenomena. From quantum computing and quantum communication to quantum sensing and metrology, quantum engineering promises to revolutionize various domains by offering unprecedented capabilities for processing and manipulating information, sensing and detecting signals, and simulating complex systems. By leveraging the principles of superposition, entanglement, and coherence, researchers are developing novel quantum devices and technologies with the potential to transform industries ranging from healthcare and telecommunications to finance and materials science. developments in quantum engineering, highlights emerging trends and challenges, and outlines future directions for research and innovation in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.
Quantum computation requires controlled engineering of quantum states to perform tasks that go beyond those possible with classical computers. Topological quantum computation aims to achieve this goal by using non-Abelian quantum phases of matter. Such phases allow for quantum information to be stored and manipulated in a nonlocal manner, which protects it from imperfections in the implemented protocols and from interactions with the environment. Recently, substantial progress in this field has been made on both theoretical and experimental fronts. We review the basic concepts of non-Abelian phases and their topologically protected use in quantum information processing tasks. We discuss different possible realizations of these concepts in experimentally available solid-state systems, including systems hosting Majorana fermions, their recently proposed fractional counterparts, and non-Abelian quantum Hall states.
Quantum computing hardware technologies have advanced during the past two decades, with the goal of building systems that can solve problems that are intractable on classical computers. The ability to realize large-scale systems depends on major advances in materials science, materials engineering, and new fabrication techniques. We identify key materials challenges that currently limit progress in five quantum computing hardware platforms, propose how to tackle these problems, and discuss some new areas for exploration. Addressing these materials challenges will require scientists and engineers to work together to create new, interdisciplinary approaches beyond the current boundaries of the quantum computing field.