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Canadian Journal of Physics

Multiphoton ionization of Li at the ruby laser wavelength

G. Wagner, Neil R. Isenor

Published Oct 1, 1979• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Ionization of Li resulting from the interaction of pulsed single-mode (λ = 694.60 ± 0.05 nm, TEM00) ruby laser radiation with an atomic beam was observed. The results can be interpreted in terms of a four-photon process with three-photon resonances with levels in the vicinity of the 19P and 20P Rydberg levels of the unperturbed atom. Both linearly and circularly polarized light were used. The results are compared with the calculated results of others.

DOI
10.1139/p79-245

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Philosophical magazine•Jun 1, 1973•6 citations
Ionization of Li resulting from the interaction of pulsed single-mode (λ = 694.60 ± 0.05 nm, TEM00) ruby laser radiation with an atomic beam was observed. The results can be interpreted in terms of a four-photon process with three-photon resonances with levels in the vicinity of the 19P and 20P Rydberg levels of the unperturbed atom. Both linearly and circularly polarized light were used. The results are compared with the calculated results of others.
Single mode ruby laser radiation (694 nm) and an atomic beam apparatus have been used in the study of the three photon ionization of Na, K, Rb, and Cs atoms. The process in all cases is nonresonant, the observations being consistent with a rate given by W3F3 where F is the photon flux. The values obtained for W3l (linear polarization) and W3C (circular polarization) and the ratio W3c/W3l are discussed in relation to recently calculated results and the few other experimental results available. Discrepancies well beyond the assigned errors exist between experimental and calculated results.
This work reports the multiphoton ionization of cesium atoms, via resonance with the 6F6F6F level, by interaction with a single transverse and longitudinal mode neodymium-glass laser beam. At a low rate of ion production, when the laser frequency is tuned through resonance, the laser intensity necessary to create a constant number of ions passes through a minimum, as expected, for a three-photon energy equal to the unperturbed $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition energy. But for a higher ionization rate, involving larger laser intensities, a departure from expectation is observed which is interpreted as a consequence of an energy shift of the transition. The level shifts are demonstrated in another way by their strong effect on the experimental order of nonlinearity of the interaction, Kexpt{K}_{\mathrm{expt}}Kexpt​. A sharp variation of Kexpt{K}_{\mathrm{expt}}Kexpt​ is observed when the energy shift of the $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition exactly compensates the wavelength detuning of the laser. The latter method gives shift values which are found to be independent of the large variations of the interaction volume under conditions of resonance. Both methods give a linear dependence of the shifts on the laser intensity. Identification of these shifts with energy shifts of the $6S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6F$ transition is subject to theoretical reservations and needs further experimentation.
Orer a small range of light intensity the three-photon ionization rate of caesium atoms by ruby laser light decreases when the incident photon flux is increased. This result may be quantitatively explained by an induced energy shift of the 913 levels of the caesium atom proportional to the square of the light intensity. Thus perturbations of bound electron states by an intense light beam can be of importance in determining the multiphoton ionization rate. In this paper the functional dependence of the ionization rate on the photon flux is calculated for caesium, using a perturbation theory somewhat different from that usually employed.