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International Journal of Quantum Information

MAGNETIC MICROTRAPS FOR QUANTUM CONTROL

I. Herrera, Giuseppe A. D'Arrigo, Mario Siciliani de Cumis, F. S. Cataliotti

Published Feb 1, 2007• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We will review the realization of magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms. Such devices combine experimental simplicity with unsurpassed versatility in designing confining potentials. We will show how combining magnetic microtraps with optical lattices one can realize many possible quantum systems of interest in many fields ranging from solid state physics to condensed matter. We will also illustrate new possibilities in the quantum simulation of different physical systems.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749907002487

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We will review the realization of magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms. Such devices combine experimental simplicity with unsurpassed versatility in designing confining potentials. We will show how combining magnetic microtraps with optical lattices one can realize many possible quantum systems of interest in many fields ranging from solid state physics to condensed matter. We will also illustrate new possibilities in the quantum simulation of different physical systems.
In recent years, ultracold atoms trapped in periodic lattices have attracted much attention as a simulator for condensed matter systems because of the ability to manipulate and precisely control the ultracold atoms. Periodic arrays of magnetic microtraps patterned on a magnetic film provide a potential complementary tool to conventional optical lattices for trapping arrays of ultracold atoms. Compared to optical lattices, magnetic lat- tices allow a higher degree of design flexibility by allowing almost arbitrary lattice geometries and they also allow lower technical noise and state-selective trapping of atoms. This paper reports the trapping of ultracold 87Rb atoms in 0.7 μm-period triangular and square magnetic lattices integrated on an atom chip as a step towards using magnetic lattices as a new platform for simulating condensed matter and quantum many-body phenomena in nontrivial lattice geometries.
Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum many-body problems. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atom-based quantum simulators have already been used to probe quantum magnetism, to realize and detect topological quantum matter, and to study quantum systems with controlled long-range interactions. Experiments on many-body systems out of equilibrium have also provided results in regimes unavailable to the most advanced supercomputers. We review recent experimental progress in this field and comment on future directions.
We have realized a two-dimensional permanent magnetic lattice of Ioffe-Pritchard microtraps for ultracold atoms. The lattice is formed by a single $300\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$ magnetized layer of FePt, patterned using optical lithography. Our magnetic lattice consists of more than 15 000 tightly confining microtraps with a density of 1250traps∕mm21250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{traps}∕{\mathrm{mm}}^{2}1250traps∕mm2. Simple analytical approximations for the magnetic fields produced by the lattice are used to derive relevant trap parameters. We load ultracold atoms into at least 30 lattice sites at a distance of approximately $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ from the film surface. The present result is an important first step toward quantum information processing with neutral atoms in magnetic lattice potentials.
Abstract Arrays of individual atoms trapped in optical microtraps with micrometer‐scale sizes have emerged as a fundamental, versatile, and powerful platform for quantum sciences and technologies. This platform enables the bottom‐up engineering of quantum systems, offering the capability of low‐entropy preparation of quantum states with flexible geometry, as well as manipulation and detection at the single‐site level. The utilization of ultracold itinerant atoms with tunnel coupling in optical microtraps provides new opportunities for quantum simulation, enabling the exploration of exotic quantum states, phases, and dynamics, which would otherwise be challenging to achieve in conventional optical lattices due to high entropy and limited geometric flexibility. Here, the development of tunnel‐coupled optical microtraps for the manipulation of ultracold atomic quantum systems and its recent advances are briefly reviewed.
We present two different strategies for developing a quantum information science platform, based on our experimental results with magnetic microtrap arrays on a magnetic-film atom chip. The first strategy aims for mesoscopic ensemble qubits in a lattice of ~5 μm period, so that qubits can be individually addressed and interactions can be mediated by Rydberg excitations. The second strategy aims for direct quantum simulators using sub-optical lattices of ~100 nm period. These would allow the realization of condensed matter inspired quantum many-body systems, such as Hubbard models in new parameter regimes. The two approaches raise quite different issues, some of which are identified and discussed.
Quantum computers, although not yet available on the market, will revolutionise the future of information processing. Already now, quantum computers of special purpose, i.e., quantum simulators, are within reach. The physics of ultracold atoms, ions, and molecules offers unprecedented possibilities of control of quantum many systems, and novel possibilities of applications for quantum information and quantum metrology. Particularly fascinating is the possibility of using ultracold atoms in lattices to simulate condensed matter or even high energy physics. This book provides a comprehensive overview of ultracold lattice gases as quantum simulators, an interdisciplinary field involving atomic, molecular, and optical physics; quantum optics; quantum information; and condensed matter and high energy physics. It includes some introductory chapters on basic concepts and methods, and focuses on the physics of spinor, dipolar, disordered, and frustrated lattice gases, before reviewing in detail artificial lattice gauge fields with ultracold gases. The last part of the book moves onto a discussion of possible implementations universal quantum computers with ultracold atoms. After a crash course in quantum information theory, several models of quantum computation with ultracold gases are presented, as well as the current understanding of condensed matter from a quantum information perspective. The book ends with the general discussion of various detection methods that are unique for ultracold atoms.