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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Isotopically selective Doppler-free three-photon excitation of atoms

A. G. Bakhtadze, V. M. Vetsko, Александр Михайлович Дыхне

Published Sep 30, 1984• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A system for three-photon Doppler-free excitation of two-level atoms is proposed. It is shown that this is equivalent to the excitation of a two-level system with an effective interaction Hamiltonian. An analysis is made of a system for selecting the detuning of the excitation frequencies that can completely compensate for Doppler broadening. Numerical estimates are made and these show that even for small isotope shifts and high temperatures of the excited gas, excitation having a high probability and a high isotopic selectivity can be achieved.

DOI
10.1070/qe1984v014n09abeh006197

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A system for three-photon Doppler-free excitation of two-level atoms is proposed. It is shown that this is equivalent to the excitation of a two-level system with an effective interaction Hamiltonian. An analysis is made of a system for selecting the detuning of the excitation frequencies that can completely compensate for Doppler broadening. Numerical estimates are made and these show that even for small isotope shifts and high temperatures of the excited gas, excitation having a high probability and a high isotopic selectivity can be achieved.
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Population transfer in three-level atomic systems with high efficiency and selectivity is desirable for practical applications in laser spectroscopy, trace analysis, and isotope separation. The effective excitation method for achieving this population transfer in three-level atomic systems using coherent two-photon excitation with two optimally detuned counterpropagating pulsed lasers, initially investigated analytically assuming monochromatic lasers and Doppler-free systems, is studied numerically by solving the density matrix equations incorporating finite laser linewidth and effective Doppler width. A three-level Yb system is chosen for illustration of numerical results. The effects of laser linewidth and effective Doppler width on the values of optimal detunings and maximum third-level population are discussed.
A principle for the efficient excitation of a three-level medium in a selective photoionization method is examined. It is shown that with special detunings for a given set of the laser-atom interaction the third-level population can be maximized. The expression of the optimal detunings is derived near the two-photon resonance region. It is shown that if the optimal detuning method is applied to three-level systems of Yb and Ca, the first-level populations are inverted to their corresponding third levels by about 100% and 86%, respectively. Application of this method to a Doppler-broadened medium is discussed and it is found that the optimal detuning method with counterpropagating waves will be very effective for selective ionization of wanted atoms.
Results are presented of a theoretical analysis of isotopically selective excitation of atoms in a field of counterpropagating waves with incomplete compensation for Doppler broadening. A density matrix formalism based on a strong collision model in a homogeneous steady-state case is used to obtain expressions for the total excitation probabilities and for the drift velocities of the resonant and nonresonant isotopes. An essentially new possibility for obtaining an asymmetric distribution function as a result of the dynamic two-photon Stark effect is noted whereby a light-induced drift (LID) can also be observed at exact resonance. Simple analytic expressions are derived for many cases and these can be used to analyze the dependence of the excitation and the drift velocity on the main characteristics of the process. Numerical estimates are given of the atomic parameters of alkali metals. The advantages of using this method for isotope separation compared with one-photon LID are discussed.
A numerical study is made of the interaction of laser radiation with different isotopic forms of potassium, 39K and 40K, for time intervals shorter than the relaxation times. The quantum efficiency and selectivity of the process are determined. The behavior of the atoms is considered using the Schrodinger equations for the probability amplitudes. Account is taken of the effects associated with hyperfine splitting of the levels, their degeneracy, and the Doppler effect. Excitation by a single traveling wave and by two oppositely traveling waves is considered and the excitation characteristics of the two regimes are compared.