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Le Journal de Physique Colloques

PRODUCTION AND MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT OF SPIN POLARIZED HYDROGEN

Richard W. Cline, Thomas J. Greytak, Daniel Kleppner, D. A. Smith

Published Jul 1, 1980• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report initial results on the production of H↑ and its confinement in high magnetic fields. As many as 3 x 1017 atoms have been confined in a 4 cm3 volume at 0.3 K and a field of 8 T. Under these conditions the atom density decayed with a time constant of about one hour. Details of our technique are described and the prospects of achieving higher densities are discussed.

DOI
10.1051/jphyscol:1980724

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The magnetic equation of state of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen is reported, relating density to magnetic field ($B\ensuremath{\lesssim}10.5$ T), temperature ($T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}300$ mK), and atomic flux used to fill the sample cell. Densities greater than ${10}^{16}$ atoms/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, more than two orders of magnitude greater than initial observations, have been achieved. Results are also presented on the buildup and decay of the density as a function of external conditions. Preliminary observations on the Fermi fluid, atomic deuterium, are reported.

Physical Review Letters•Aug 11, 1980•83 citations
We report initial results on the production of H↑ and its confinement in high magnetic fields. As many as 3 x 1017 atoms have been confined in a 4 cm3 volume at 0.3 K and a field of 8 T. Under these conditions the atom density decayed with a time constant of about one hour. Details of our technique are described and the prospects of achieving higher densities are discussed.
Spin-polarized atomic hydrogen (H↓) gas at low temperatures (<0.5 K) has been studied using Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) techniques which allow direct measurements of the densities of H atoms in each of the two lower hyperfine states (a and b). It has been demonstrated that ESR can be made to yield accurate and detailed information about the decay of H↓ densities in time. Crucial to the analysis of the data is the ability to confine the sample of H↓, gas inside the liquid ⁴He coated microwave cavity where the magnetic field and temperature are well known. Measurements of K[sub aa] and K[sub ab], the two surface recombination rate constants, and their ratio γ=K[sub aa]/K[sub ab] have been made and from these results the binding energy of H on liquid ⁴He has been extracted. Also reported are the results of the first detailed study of the one-body surface relaxation rate which we find is due to microscopic magnetic impurities in the cell walls. Theoretical calculations of the two-body dipole-dipole relaxation rate of H↓ in the gas and on the surface are also presented.
Magnetic confinement is used to obtain spin-polarized atomic hydrogen (H\ensuremath{\uparrow}) in an openended helium-coated chamber, at densities up to 0.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1017{10}^{17}1017 atoms/cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3. At a field of 10 T and temperature of 0.3 K, confinement times as long as 4 h are achieved. A quantitative study of the confinement times as a function of magnetic field is in excellent agreement with the expected escape from the magnetic potential well accompanied by a very slow loss process. Heat transport measurements confirm that the H\ensuremath{\uparrow} is a gas and an upper limit is placed on the three-body recombination rate.
The magnetic equation of state of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen is reported, relating density to magnetic field ($B\ensuremath{\lesssim}10.5$ T), temperature ($T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}300$ mK), and atomic flux used to fill the sample cell. Densities greater than 1016{10}^{16}1016 atoms/cm3{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}cm3, more than two orders of magnitude greater than initial observations, have been achieved. Results are also presented on the buildup and decay of the density as a function of external conditions. Preliminary observations on the Fermi fluid, atomic deuterium, are reported.