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physica status solidi (b)

Mean‐Field Solution of Strongly Correlated Systems Using Hubbard Atomic Operators. Hubbard Model with Infinite U

Miroslav Kotrla, V. Drchal

Published Feb 1, 1990• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The hierarchy of equations of motion for double‐time Green functions for Hubbard atomic operators is solved using moment‐conserving decoupling. The lowest order gives a new type of meanfield solution which depends on nonlocal correlation functions. The case of Hubbard model with infinite Coulomb interaction is studied and magnetic properties of the mean‐field solution are investigated employing an additional approximation for correlation functions.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.2221570215

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Abstract The hierarchy of equations of motion for double‐time Green functions for Hubbard atomic operators is solved using moment‐conserving decoupling. The lowest order gives a new type of meanfield solution which depends on nonlocal correlation functions. The case of Hubbard model with infinite Coulomb interaction is studied and magnetic properties of the mean‐field solution are investigated employing an additional approximation for correlation functions.
A companion paper derived exact relations for the Fermi Hubbard spectral weight function for infinite U at zero temperature in the thermodynamic limit for any dimension and any lattice structure. These relations involve moments of the spectral weight function but differ from earlier work by (a) restricting the moments over the interesting low energy (lower Hubbard band) spectrum and (b) without any of the usual approximations (e.g. decoupling) for the requisite higher order correlation functions. The latter are determined exactly as explicit functions of the single particle equal time correlation function in the infinite U limit. Here the relations offer rich insights into the model behavior and offer exacting tests - a computer lab - of any proposed solution to the Hubbard model in the strong correlation (large finite U) region. Specific tests are applied to mean field theory solutions to the Hubbard model as well as some one dimensional results. In each case, substantial problems are exposed. The relations are also used to determine a best(moment-preserving) solution subject only to the one assumption of a dominant single peak in the lower Hubbard band spectral weight function. As shown in the companion paper, the second central moment of the lower Hubbard band spectral weight function is not zero, as might be expected, as the electron density approaches one electron per site (paramagnetic case). That moment is large, offering a significant test for any approximate solution.
Abstract The theory of correlated electron systems is formulated in a form that allows the use as a reference point a density functional theory in the local density approximation (LDA DFT) for solids or molecules. The theory is constructed in two steps. As a first step, the total Hamiltonian is transformed into a correlated form. To elucidate the microscopic origin of the parameters of the periodic Hubbard–Anderson model (PHAM) the terms of the full Hamiltonian that have the operator structure of PHAM are separated. It is found that the matrix element of mixing interaction includes ion configuration‐ and number of particles‐dependent contributions from the Coulomb interaction. In a second step the diagram technique (DT) is developed by means of generalization of the Baym–Kadanoff method for correlated systems. The advantages of the method are that: (1) A nonorthogonal basis can be used, in particular the one generated by LDA DFT; (2) the equations for Green's functions (GFs) for the Fermi and Bose types of quasiparticles can be formulated in the form of a closed system of functional equations. The latter allows us to avoid the question of the nonunique decoupling procedure existing in previous versions of the DT and perform the expansion in terms of dressed GFs. Although the expressions for all interactions depend on the overlap matrix, it is shown that the theory is formally equivalent to one with orthogonal states with redefined interactions. When the PHAM is treated from the atomic‐limit side the vertexes are generated by kinematic interactions. The latter arise due to nontrivial commutation relations between X‐operators and come from the mixing, hopping, and overlap of states. The equations for GFs are derived within the nonorthogonal basis set in Hubbard‐I, one‐loop and random‐phase approximations with respect to kinematic interactions. The self‐consistent equation for “Hubbard Us” is derived. The technique developed is general, in particular its “bosonic” part can be used for description of spin systems with arbitrary anisotropy, systems with orbital ordering, or ordering of multipoles. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 113–143, 2003
The authors consider a systematic projection method for terminating the Green function equations of motion for Hubbard X-operators. This gives a set of mean fields that depend on the operators chosen. When applied to lowest order in the N-fold-degenerate U to infinity Anderson model an expression for the one-electron Green function is obtained that is exact for N=1 and in the limit N to infinity . This approach avoids the necessity of introducing auxiliary fields, such as constraint fields or slave bosons, to obtain asymptotically exact mean fields in the large-N limit and has general applicability in similar strongly correlated problems.
We calculate the one-particle density of states for the Mott-Hubbard insulating phase of the Hubbard model on a Bethe lattice in the limit of infinite coordination number. We employ the Kato-Takahashi perturbation theory around the strong-coupling limit to derive the Green function. We show that the Green function for the lower Hubbard band can be expressed in terms of polynomials in the bare hole-hopping operator. We check our technique against the exact solution of the Falicov-Kimball model and give explicit results up to and including second order in the inverse Hubbard interaction. Our results provide a stringent test for analytical and numerical investigations of the Mott-Hubbard insulator and the Mott-Hubbard transition within the dynamical mean-field theory. We find that the Hubbard-III approximation is not satisfactory beyond lowest order, but the local-moment approach provides a very good description of the Mott-Hubbard insulator at strong coupling.