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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Three-photons absorption as a regulator of Kerr's effect strength in ring interferometer: a model and regimes analysis

I. A. Izmaǐlov, Александр Владимирович Лячин, Б. Н. Пойзнер

Published Jun 8, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As it is known the optical Kerr's effect changes cubic medium refraction index and in a nonlinear ring interferometer (NRI) causes to generation of optical structures and chaos. Besides in nonlinear media enough high emission power stimulates a multiphoton process. For example in a cubic medium three-photon absorption is possible. The process in a ring interferometer containing Kerr's medium through which the two-frequency light field is propagated are considered. The influence of mulitiphoton processes to dynamics of nonlinear phase shift in Kerr's medium is investigated. The mathematical model is constructed as differential partial equation, ordinary differential equation, discrete map. Maps of Lyapunov's characteristic exponents as functions of the interferometer and light field parameters are constructed. The influence of these parameters to possibility of determined chaos is discussed. It is shown that the act of three-photons absorption (N=3) produces an amplification of nonlinear effects in NRI due to generation of the third harmonics. And the position of the obrder of nonlinearity is determined by a value Kb0 s which is proportional to [2βbl(N-1)]-1/(N-1), where l is length of the medium, βb is a measure of three harmonics generation productivity.

DOI
10.1117/12.633926

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As it is known the optical Kerr's effect changes cubic medium refraction index and in a nonlinear ring interferometer (NRI) causes to generation of optical structures and chaos. Besides in nonlinear media enough high emission power stimulates a multiphoton process. For example in a cubic medium three-photon absorption is possible. The process in a ring interferometer containing Kerr's medium through which the two-frequency light field is propagated are considered. The influence of mulitiphoton processes to dynamics of nonlinear phase shift in Kerr's medium is investigated. The mathematical model is constructed as differential partial equation, ordinary differential equation, discrete map. Maps of Lyapunov's characteristic exponents as functions of the interferometer and light field parameters are constructed. The influence of these parameters to possibility of determined chaos is discussed. It is shown that the act of three-photons absorption (N=3) produces an amplification of nonlinear effects in NRI due to generation of the third harmonics. And the position of the obrder of nonlinearity is determined by a value Kb0 s which is proportional to [2βbl(N-1)]-1/(N-1), where l is length of the medium, βb is a measure of three harmonics generation productivity.
Summary form only given. The reduced absorption and enhanced nonlinearity in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system are very important in achieving an effective all-optical switching action. The Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level EIT medium can be greatly enhanced near resonance due to atomic coherence induced in such a system in comparison with a two-level atomic system, as we have shown by using an optical ring cavity. Both the magnitude and sign of the Kerr-nonlinear index change dramatically for different frequency detunings of the controlling (or coupling) or cavity (or probe) field. Bistability and dynamic instability occur when such a three-level /spl Lambda/-type EIT system is placed inside an optical ring cavity and the controlling and cavity input intensities to exceed certain threshold values. In this paper, we present a recent experimental demonstration of controlling the cavity output intensity by modulating the frequency detuning of the controlling beam.
Accurate modeling of optical nonlinearities is crucial to describe macroscopic laser propagation in a medium, including sum frequency generation, spectral broadening due to self-phase modulation, various ionization processes and soliton formation. For incident laser light the response of the medium is given by the induced polarization of the microscopic system. The polarization is usually expanded in a Taylor series for the electric field amplitude, which is truncated after the first non-linear term being of third order for isotropic media. A third-order nonlinearity leads to the well-known optical Kerr effect, where the refractive index of the medium becomes intensity dependent via n = n0+ n2I. This leads to an inherent problem when modeling laser propagation in two or more spatial dimensions, linked to the formal divergence (n2> 0) of the refractive index for increasing intensity.
In this complement we discuss several examples of optical phenomena in media where the refractive index depends nonlinearly on the intensity , known as optical Kerr media. This nonlinear effect exists in all materials, even isotropic ones, like glass or fused silica, but it is particularly marked in certain physical systems to be exemplified in Section 7B.1. After investigating the propagation of light through such media in Section 7B.2, we shall discuss three applications of the optical Kerr effect (which can be studied in any order). We begin by describing a bistable optical system , when this nonlinear medium is inserted in a Fabry–Perot cavity (Section 7B.3). We then study phase conjugate mirrors and examine their potential applications in adaptive optics (Section 7B.4). Finally, we discuss certain effects occurring during the propagation of an isolated wave, bounded either transversely or temporally, in a Kerr medium, and describe self-focusing effects (Section 7B.5) and self-phase-modulation effects (Section 7B.6). In particular, we shall show that nonlinear effects and dispersion effects can compensate to produce stable structures known as solitons , which maintain their shape during propagation. Examples of third-order nonlinearities Nonlinear response of two-level atoms We begin by studying a simple case of a nonlinear interaction, namely a two-level quantum system under the effects of a plane wave.
In this work, we present an analytical method to achieve giant Kerr nonlinearity without absorption in a five-level atomic medium. By using iterative perturbation technique on density matrix equations, we have derived the analytical expressions of nonlinear susceptibility and Kerr nonlinear coefficient in the presence of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) and relative phase between applied laser fields. It shows that, this five-level atomic medium exhibits multiple electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) at three different frequencies, at the same time, the Kerr nonlinear coefficient is enhanced around three transparent spectral regions; in each such EIT region appears a pair of positive-negative peaks of Kerr nonlinear coefficient. In particular, these nonlinear peaks are moved to the center of the EIT windows via SGC. This means that the Kerr nonlinear coefficient is enhanced with completely suppressed absorption at different transparency frequencies. Furthermore, the magnitude and the sign of the Kerr nonlinear coefficient are easily controlled according to the SGC strength, the coupling laser intensity, and the relative phase between applied laser fields. Such a giant nonlinear medium can be useful for photonic devices working in the resonant frequency region without absorption. As a typical application, this giant Kerr nonlinear material has been applied to an interferometer for the formation of optical bistability, and showed the appearance of OB at the resonant frequency with significantly reduced threshold intensity and OB width.
The influence of quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field on the propagation of a polarized light wave in a nonlinear dielectric is investigated. It is shown that in some cases the fluctuations couple to the optical nonlinearities of the medium and make its refractive index dependent on the polarization of the propagating wave. As a consequence, two light waves propagating in the same direction but with different polarizations will have different speeds, so there will be a Kerr-effect birefringence induced by quantum fluctuations. We consider the case of the electromagnetic field in a squeezed vacuum state, where there are regions where the mean squared electric field can be negative and the birefringence effect has the opposite sign to the Kerr effect in classical physics. We give some estimates for the magnitude of these effects, and discuss their possible observability.