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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Some remarks on scattering theory in supersymmetric quantum systems

Asao Arai

Published Feb 1, 1987• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

First it is shown in an abstract mathematical framework of supersymmetric quantum theory that, under some conditions for the perturbation, the wave and the scattering operators on bosonic states have some connections with those on fermionic ones. In particular, a unitary equivalence between the two scattering operators is proved. Then, a class of supersymmetric quantum mechanical models on Rn is discussed and the abstract general results are applied to obtain some more explicit results on the supersymmetric potential scattering.

DOI
10.1063/1.527629

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First it is shown in an abstract mathematical framework of supersymmetric quantum theory that, under some conditions for the perturbation, the wave and the scattering operators on bosonic states have some connections with those on fermionic ones. In particular, a unitary equivalence between the two scattering operators is proved. Then, a class of supersymmetric quantum mechanical models on Rn is discussed and the abstract general results are applied to obtain some more explicit results on the supersymmetric potential scattering.
Supersymmetry (SUSY) postulates that for every fermion there is boson of equal mass (i.e. energy). In quantum mechanics this comes about because for every quantum Hamiltonian there is a partner Hamiltonian that has the same energy spectrum above the ground state of the original system. In particle physics, one “sector” is populated by bosons and the other sector by fermions and SUSY predicts that the lowest lying fermion state is energetically degenerate with the first excited boson state. Evidence for SUSY has proven to be elusive and it is now believed that SUSY is a broken symmetry. In January 2009 at a conference dedicated to Bob Wyatt, we began to look at SUSY as a way to develop new computational methods and approaches. Up until now, SUSY has been more of a mathematical technique that has been used more or less as a way to obtain stationary solutions to the Schrödinger equation for a variety of T&F Cat # K11224, Chapter 4, Page 54, 15-9-2010 one-dimensional potential systems. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the work we have been doing in developing “SUSY” inspired methods for performing quantum many-body calculations and quantum scattering calculations. We begin with a brief overview of the SUSY theory and some of its elementary results. We then discuss how we have used the approach to develop both analytical and numerical solutions of the stationary Schrödinger equation. Finally, we conclude by discussing our recent extension of SUSY to higher dimensions and for scattering theory.
The mathematical theory of the scattering operator is developed for the general scattering systems involving an arbitrary number of channels. It includes as a special case the theory for 'simple scattering systems' given in an earlier paper. The scattering system is defined as a quantum mechanical system which satisfies certain asymptotic and completeness conditions given in Section 4. The existence of the S-operator as well as its unitary property is then a rigorous mathematical consequence of this property. A crucial step in these deductions is the orthogonality theorem for the left projections of the wave operators which is proved in Section 5. In the last Section 7, we discuss the various ways of introducing the 'in' and 'out'-operators and their relation to the S-operator.
The unitary transformations which convert an abstract Dirac operator into an ‘‘even’’ (resp. ‘‘odd’’) operator are determined. The problem is formulated and solved completely within the general setup of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. This leads to some apparently new applications in relativistic quantum mechanics, where the transformations are known as the Foldy–Wouthuysen (resp. Cini–Touschek) transformations. The scattering theory for abstract Dirac operators is discussed and the utility of the general theory is illustrated by proving existence of relativistic Mo/ller operators for scattering from long-range magnetic fields.
An algebraic view of supersymmetric quantum mechanics is taken, emphasising the couplings between bosonic and fermionic modes in the supercharges. A class of model Hamiltonians is introduced wherein the fermionic (bosonic) operators are canonical and the bosonic (fermionic) ones satisfy a Lie algebra (superalgebra) whose representation theory permits the complete solution of the model in principle. The kinematical symmetry of such models is also described. The examples of one and two bosonic models, with 5U(2) and 5U(3) dynamical algebras respectively, are analysed in detail.
In this paper we give a complete theory of the scattering operator on a rigorous mathematical foundation for a certain class of quantum mechanical systems called, 'simple scattering systems'. These systems are characterized by three properties formulated in Section 3. The relation of these properties to the physical content of scattering is explained. We then proceed to define the wave operator and the scattering operator and prove their existence with mathematically rigorous methods. No assumptions are needed regarding the occurrence of bound states and the location of their energy with respect to the continuum region of the total energy operator. In Section 4 we demonstrate the existence of a certain integral representation of the scattering operator which has often been used as a starting point of the iteration approximation. Certain general properties of scattering systems are obtained in Section 5. This leads to necessary conditions for systems to be scattering systems as well as to a new definition of the scattering operator. The paper concludes with a derivation of the scattering cross-section from the scattering operator. The improvement of this derivation over the older ones sonsists in the special care employed for stating the assumptions which must go into such a derivation and the avoidence of improper functions or other artificial devices.
We consider the minimal bosonization realization of supersymmetric shape-invariant systems where generalized supercharge operators are constructed using the partner supersymmetric operators, the parameter potential translation formalism and the reflection operator. We obtain the solution of the eigenvalue equation and study the quantum dynamics of the supersymmetric system including terms in the Hamiltonian which are constructed using the combination of the bosonized supercharge operators. The connections between the bosonized supersymmetric formalism, the Bose–Fermi transformation and the generalization of the -deformed Heisenberg algebra are discussed. As an illustration, we apply the generalized formalism for the case of the trigonometric Rosen–Morse potential.