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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Multimode ultrafast broadband information coding: State generation, characterization and loss evaluation

Andreas Christ, Cosmo Lupo, Kaisa Laiho, A. Eckstein, K. N. Cassemiro, Christine Silberhorn

Published May 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The subject of our analysis are ultrafast multimode broadband twin-beam squeezed states generated via waveguided parametric downconversion. We utilize the rich spectral structure of the parametric downconversion process to generate an array of twin-beam squeezers into independent broadband spectral modes. Each of these distinct modes is readily available for broadband information coding.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe.2011.5942921

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The subject of our analysis are ultrafast multimode broadband twin-beam squeezed states generated via waveguided parametric downconversion. We utilize the rich spectral structure of the parametric downconversion process to generate an array of twin-beam squeezers into independent broadband spectral modes. Each of these distinct modes is readily available for broadband information coding.
Quantum information applications call for information encoding schemes which offer high bitrates and the possibility to encode many qubits onto one carrier. Ultrafast pulsed quantum states of light feature an inherent rich spectral and temporal broadband mode structure, which is uniquely defined by their generation process. In ultrafast parametric downconversion for instance, the pair photons are usually generated in superposition states of many orthogonal broadband modes. Thus, they carry the potential for high dimensional quantum information encoding and high bitrates. However, even though the pulsed mode structure of quantum light is well known (see e.g. [1]), feasible ways of exploiting this natural resource in practical systems have not yet been explored.
Nowadays, the realization of quantum computations and communications based on continuous variables has attracted a significant attention due to a substantial expansion of the system dimensionality. The main progress in this area is attributed to the implementation of multimode systems based on squeezed states of light. One of the simplest ways to generate such states relies upon their producing in a single-pass optical parametric amplifier (OPA) using ultrafast pumping. However, for homodyne detection of such multimode states, the profile of the local oscillator (LO) must perfectly match the profile of the measured mode. Usually, this is not the case; therefore a proper treatment of multimode squeezing is required. In this work, we study both theoretically and experimentally the multimode squeezed light generated in type-0 and type-II OPA. We characterize such sources and investigate the degree of squeezing in dependence on the LO spectral profile, employing a pulse shaping technique. The theoretical analysis is performed using the Schmidt-mode theory. This work might have a significant impact on the realization of multimode quantum protocols
Broadband multimode squeezers constitute a powerful quantum resource with promising potential for different applications in quantum information technologies such as information coding in quantum communication networks or quantum simulations in higher-dimensional systems. However, the characterization of a large array of squeezers that coexist in a single spatial mode is challenging. In this paper, we address this problem and propose a straightforward method for determining the number of squeezers and their respective squeezing strengths by using broadband multimode correlation function measurements. These measurements employ the large detection windows of the state of the art avalanche photodiodes in order to simultaneously probe the full Hilbert space of the generated state, which enables us to benchmark the squeezed states. Moreover, due to the structure of correlation functions, our measurements are not affected by losses. This is a significant advantage, since detectors with low efficiencies are sufficient. Our approach is less costly than tomographic methods relying on multimode homodyne detection, which is based on much more demanding measurement and analysis tools and appear to be impractical for large Hilbert spaces.