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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Indirect Observation of “Forbidden” Raman Transitions by Laser-Induced Coherence Transfer

Dieter Suter, Harald Klepel

Published Jul 15, 1992• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a new spectroscopic technique that makes it possible to obtain information from "forbidden" Raman transitions. The technique, which is based on time-resolved two-dimensional spectroscopy, uses laser-induced transfer of sublevel coherence from the Raman-inactive transition to an allowed Raman transition.
DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/19/6/005

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Two-dimensional spectroscopy

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Two-dimensional spectroscopy is an extension of conventional spectroscopic methods that characterises resonant systems as a function of two frequency variables. We use this technique to improve on the characterisation of atomic media along the lines discussed in the preceding chapter. On a microscopic level, the most important physical process for two-dimensional spectroscopy is the transfer of coherence between different transitions. We introduce the basics of the technique and discuss a few specific examples to outline its potential. Fundamentals Motivation and principle Motivation The preceding chapter showed how light drives the internal dynamics of resonant atomic media and how the measurement of optical anisotropies allows us to monitor these dynamics. The experiments discussed in the preceding chapter, however, can provide only limited information about the system. Most physical systems have more degrees of freedom than we can observe by measurements on transmitted light. As another limitation, we have primarily considered atoms that evolve under their internal Hamiltonian, only weakly perturbed by the probe laser beam. The example of light-induced spin nutation showed that the dynamics of optically pumped atoms differ significantly from those of a free atom. Although it is possible to observe spin nutation for systems with more than two ground-state sublevels, such an experiment suffers from the damping that accompanies optical pumping. The damping drives the system rapidly to an equilibrium, too fast for detailed dynamical observations.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Oct 13, 1997•103 citations
Raman lasers are used as a spectroscopic probe of the state of atoms confined in a shallow one-dimensional (1D) vertical lattice. For sufficiently long laser pulses, resolved transitions in the bottom band of the lattice between Wannier Stark states corresponding to neighboring wells are observed. Couplings between such states are measured as a function of the lattice laser intensity and compared to theoretical predictions, from which the lattice depth can be extracted. Limits to the linewidth of these transitions are investigated. Transitions to higher bands can also be induced, as well as between transverse states for tilted Raman beams. All these features allow for a precise characterization of the trapping potential and for an efficient control of the atomic external degrees of freedom.
We report an experimental observation of coherent population transfer in a multilevel system by adiabatic following through a trapped state. Raman transitions between ground-state sublevels are induced by two partially overlapping ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ polarized laser beams, tuned to the hyperfine transition F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F'=4 of the cesium D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ line. An efficiency of more than 50% is observed for the mF{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}mF​=+4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}mF{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}mF​=-4 population transfer. The influence of other excited hyperfine levels on the transfer efficiency is pointed out. The feasibility of the technique with counterpropagating laser beams is also demonstrated.
Two-dimensional spectroscopy is an extension of conventional spectroscopic methods that characterises resonant systems as a function of two frequency variables. We use this technique to improve on the characterisation of atomic media along the lines discussed in the preceding chapter. On a microscopic level, the most important physical process for two-dimensional spectroscopy is the transfer of coherence between different transitions. We introduce the basics of the technique and discuss a few specific examples to outline its potential. Fundamentals Motivation and principle Motivation The preceding chapter showed how light drives the internal dynamics of resonant atomic media and how the measurement of optical anisotropies allows us to monitor these dynamics. The experiments discussed in the preceding chapter, however, can provide only limited information about the system. Most physical systems have more degrees of freedom than we can observe by measurements on transmitted light. As another limitation, we have primarily considered atoms that evolve under their internal Hamiltonian, only weakly perturbed by the probe laser beam. The example of light-induced spin nutation showed that the dynamics of optically pumped atoms differ significantly from those of a free atom. Although it is possible to observe spin nutation for systems with more than two ground-state sublevels, such an experiment suffers from the damping that accompanies optical pumping. The damping drives the system rapidly to an equilibrium, too fast for detailed dynamical observations.