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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Topological aspects of a fermion, chiral anomaly, and Berry phase

Dipti Banerjee, Pratul Bandyopadhyay

Published Mar 1, 1992• 44 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The relationship of the Berry phase with the topological aspects of a fermion and chiral anomaly is studied here. It is observed that this phase reflects the effect of quantum geometry when the quantization procedure of a Fermi field is considered from a classical system and may be considered as the manifestation of the multiply connected nature of quantum space-time.

DOI
10.1063/1.529752

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The relationship of the Berry phase with the topological aspects of a fermion and chiral anomaly is studied here. It is observed that this phase reflects the effect of quantum geometry when the quantization procedure of a Fermi field is considered from a classical system and may be considered as the manifestation of the multiply connected nature of quantum space-time.
Berry's work on quantum systems described by adiabatically varying Hamiltonians is introduced. Some simple systems exhibiting the "Berry phase" phenomenon are discussed, including: a spin-½ particle in a slowly varying magnetic field, linearly polarised light propagating down a helically wound optical fibre, and dynamic Jahn-Teller E ⊗ systems. The way in which the Berry phase concept illuminates the origin of anomalies in chiral gauge field theories, and the fermionic behaviour of solitons in certain scalar field theories (skyrmions), is also indicated.
From an analysis of the relationship between the conformal field theory in 1+1 dimension, the Chern–Simons theory in 2+1 dimension and chiral anomaly in 3+1 dimension, we study here the relationship between the central charge c, Chern–Simons coupling k and the Berry phase factor μ where the phase is given by e i2πμ which is associated with the chiral anomaly and their association with the quantum symmetry in the framework of the Landau problem of 2D electron gas in a magnetic field. A possible link between the deformation parameter q of the deformed algebra U q ( SL (2)) with these parameters is suggested. It is also shown how a Z p spin system is realized for a quantum space and the parameter p is linked up with the deformation parameter q and; in turn with the central charge c and the Berry phase factor μ. Finally some implications of this result in a statistical system are discussed.
This first show was that the spin system, the two nearest neighbour spin in the Entanglement of measuring compliance by the ground conditions are achieved Berry stage to the relation when it is a closed path developed is. It noted the need to share the stage in a kind of geometric phase as explained to go to which any deformations involved is not and it’s the first Stiefel-Whitney class which is to Zz–cohomology value takes. However for polarized fermions we can relate the exchange phase as the celebrated Berry phase as in this case the Zz-cohomology becomes irrelevant and is consistent with the first Chern class which involves curvature. This follows from the depiction of a fermion as a scalar particle attached with a magnetic flux line. As in this framework the measure of entanglement of two nearest neighbor spins in a spin system given by concurrence is found to be associated with the Berry phase acquired by a spin state when it evolves in a closed path we can consider that entanglement is a consequence of Fermi statistics. It has been noted that in terms of quantum field theory, the berry phase is related to the perpetual inconsistency caused by the breaking of the perpetual symmetry. As mentioned earlier the quantization procedure of a fermion in the framework of Nelson’s stochastic quantization procedure introduces an internal variable which appears as a direction vector and gives rise to spin degrees of freedom. It's pointing to is that when a spin- 1 state of two spin 1/2 state is a Entangle system as considered to be that, the most widely covered state longitudinal elements with the matching it.
Berry phase plays an important role in many non-trivial phenomena over a broad range of many-body systems. In this thesis we focus on the Berry phase due to the change of the particles' momenta, and study its effects in free and interacting fermionic systems. We start with reviewing the semi-classical kinetic theory with Berry phase for a non-interacting ensemble of fermions -- a Berry Fermi gas -- which might be far-from-equilibrium. We particularly review the famous Berry phase contribution to the anomalous Hall current. We then provide a concrete and general path integral derivation for the semi-classical theory. Then we turn to the specific example of Weyl fermion, which exhibits the profound quantum phenomenon of chiral anomaly; we review how this quantum effect, and its closely related chiral magnetic effect and chiral vortical effect, arise from Berry phase in the semi-classical kinetic theory. We also discuss how Lorentz symmetry in the kinetic theory of Weyl fermion, seemly violated by the Berry phase term, is realized non-trivially; we provide a physical interpretation for this non-trivial realization, and discuss its mathematical foundation in Wigner translation. Next, we turn towards interacting fermionic systems. We consider Fermi liquid near equilibrium, and propose the Berry Fermi liquid theory -- the extension to Landau Fermi liquid theory incorporating Berry phase (and other) effects. In our proposed Berry Fermi liquid theory, we can show the Berry phase is a Fermi surface property, qualitatively unmodified by interactions. But there also arise new effects from interactions, most notably the emergent electric dipole moment which contributes to the anomalous Hall current in addition to the usual Berry phase contribution. We prove our proposed Berry Fermi liquid theory from quantum field theory to all orders in Feynman diagram expansion under very general assumptions.