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Physical Review A

Simple exact solution of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with continuous plus δ -function potentials of arbitrary position and strength

J. Ronald Farias

Published Aug 1, 1980• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A simple exact solution of a one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation which describes the motion of a particle in a continuous potential $V(x)$ and scattering from a finite set of $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function potentials of arbitrary positions and strengths is found.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.22.765

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A simple exact solution of a one-dimensional Schr"odinger equation which describes the motion of a particle in a continuous potential V(x)V(x)V(x) and scattering from a finite set of \ensuremathδ\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremathδ-function potentials of arbitrary positions and strengths is found.
The exact solution to the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation which describes the motion of a particle scattering off a finite set of $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function potentials of arbitrary strengths and positions is found. The behavior of the TTT matrix both on and off the energy shell is also precisely given. Localization of states is discussed.
The work of Reading and Sigel on the solution of the one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation for a particle moving in the presence of a collection of $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function potentials of arbitrary strength and position is generalized so that any arbitrary potential V(x)V(x)V(x) can be handled. A close connection is shown to exist between the methods described in this note and those, involving Jost functions, which have been developed for handling the radial Schr\"odinger equation in three dimensions.
A new approach to the problem of description of the stationary motion of a quantum particle in the field of a one-dimensional arbitrary potential is developed. It is shown that the wave function of infinite motion, with the accuracy to two arbitrary constants, can be expressed by means of an arbitrary single solution for some set of linear differential equations of the first order. It is shown that one general property of the Schrödinger equation solutions lies in the basis of many known methods of the problem consideration, such as the method of integral equations, transfer-matrix method, imbedding method, and method of combination of scattering parameters. Within the framework of the proposed approach, the connection between the above-mentioned methods becomes more transparent.
A consistent approach to the description of a stationary motion of a quantum particle in an arbitrary one-dimensional potential has been developed. It has been proved that the wave function of an infinite motion can be expressed accurate to up two arbitrary constants with the use of one particular solution to the system of first-order linear differential equations. It has been shown that many well-known methods, such as the integral equation method, the transfer matrix method, the embedding method, and the method of combination of scattering parameters, are based on a general property of the solutions to the Schrödinger equation. Within the proposed approach, the relation between these methods becomes more transparent and their description can be well within a unified context.
Analytical solutions to the time-dependent Shrödinger equation in one dimension are developed for time-independent potentials, one consisting of an infinite wall and a repulsive delta function. An exact solution is obtained by means of a convolution of time-independent solutions spanning the given Hilbert space with appropriately chosen spectral functions. Square-integrability and the boundary conditions are satisfied. The probability for the particle to be found inside the potential well is calculated and shown to exhibit non-exponential decay decreasing at large times as t−3t^{-3}t−3. The result is generalized for all square-integrable solutions to this problem.