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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Behavior of the population of the4I11/2level of Nd3+in glasses interacting with high-power coherent radiation

Yu. P. Rudnitskii, R V Smirnov, Vladimir M. Chernyak

Published Sep 30, 1976• 10 citations

Abstract

An experimental method was developed for the determination of the rate of relaxation of the 4I11/2 state and of the absorption cross section of the 4I11/2–4F3/2 transition. These parameters were deduced from the dependences of the intensity of the λ = 0.88 μ luminescence, excited as a result of the 4I11/2–4F3/2 transition by laser pulses of λ = 1.06 μ wavelength, on the energy density and duration of the laser pulses. Estimates of the relaxation time obtained for the investigated silicate (GLS-1) and phosphate (LGS-40, LGS-I) glasses, and also for a liquid based on POCl3-SnCl4, gave τ21 < 2 nsec. A considerable increase in the population of the 4I11/2 level occurred as a result of the Raman scattering of high-power coherent radiation by vibrations of the PO4 group.

DOI: 10.1070/qe1976v006n09abeh011850

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An experimental method was developed for the determination of the rate of relaxation of the 4I11/2 state and of the absorption cross section of the 4I11/2–4F3/2 transition. These parameters were deduced from the dependences of the intensity of the λ = 0.88 μ luminescence, excited as a result of the 4I11/2–4F3/2 transition by laser pulses of λ = 1.06 μ wavelength, on the energy density and duration of the laser pulses. Estimates of the relaxation time obtained for the investigated silicate (GLS-1) and phosphate (LGS-40, LGS-I) glasses, and also for a liquid based on POCl3-SnCl4, gave τ21 < 2 nsec. A considerable increase in the population of the 4I11/2 level occurred as a result of the Raman scattering of high-power coherent radiation by vibrations of the PO4 group.

The population kinetics of laser levels of neodymium ions in the uranium-containing POCl 3 —SnCl 4 — 235 UO 2 2+ —Nd 3+ laser liquid irradiated in a BARS-6 pulsed reactor is studied experimentally and theoretically. The relations between the populations of the upper and lower laser levels are studied at different time moments with respect to the pump pulse. An inverse population of laser levels is observed and found to be directly proportional to the pump power. The efficiency of pumping of the upper laser level of neodymium ions in the laser medium by uranium fission fragments is determined, and quantitative information is obtained on the inverse population, gain, and their dependences on the pump power.

An improved method was developed for determining the probability W21 of relaxation of the population of the 4I11/2 level of neodymium ions. The relationship between W21 degree of dumping, and parameters of the dumping pulses was obtained by solving the rate equations for the populations subject to an allowance for the Stark structure of the energy levels 4F3/2 and 4I11/2. At T=300°K the probability values were W21=108 sec−1 for Y3Al5O12:Nd3+ and W21=1.5×108 sec−1 for La2O2S:Nd3+. In the case of a BaGd2-xNdx(MoO4)4 crystal at 77°K the probability was W21=2.5×108 sec−1. The influence of Wn on the efficiency of utilization of the stored energy was found to depend on the energy gap between the lower Stark sublevel of the 4I11/2 level and the final sublevel in the stimulated transitions.

We performed spectroscopic measurements of the relaxation oscillations in a tunable Nd3+-doped fiber laser for the four-level (4F3/2-4I11/2) and for the three-level (4F3/2-4I9/2) transitions. We observed that the relaxation oscillation frequency for the three-level transition exhibited a strong wavelength dependence; in contrast, the relaxation oscillation frequency for the four-level transition did not exhibit any wavelength dependence. A simple theory to explain this remarkable feature was developed, confirming that the wavelength dependence is related to the thermal laser level population, which is significant in three-level systems but negligible in four-level systems. This should be taken into account for a careful description of laser systems, and is also instrumental for predicting oscillator or amplifier performance.

Persistent spectral holeburning is known to occur in rare-earth doped silica-based glasses,1-3 where the mechanism is attributed to light induced changes in the coupling of tunnelling systems (TLS) which are characteristic of the amorphous state. A number of hole parameters such as lifetime, saturation depth and temperature dependence of the width, can provide important information on the density of states and dynamics of the TLS. We present the first data on spectral holeburning in a rare-earth doped heavy metal fluoride glass (HMF, Rennes) and compare with data obtained on a silicate glass (ED-2, Owens-Illinois). For this study we have chosen the well known 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3+ ion whose absorption peaks around 870nm (HMF) and 880nm (ED-2). Previous holeburning and photon echo measurements have been reported on the 4I9/2 ← → 4G5/2 transition of the Nd3+ of bulk ED-2 glass4 and on the 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3' transition of a pure silica fiber.3,5