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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Enhanced Properties in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Saturable Absorber for All Optical Signal Regeneration

Hanond Nong, Maud Gicquel‐Guézo, Laurent Bramerie, Mathieu Perrin, Frédéric Grillot, Romain Fleurier, Baolai L. Liang, Diana L. Huffaker, Christophe Levallois, Julie Le Pouliquen, Alain Le Corre, Olivier Dehaese, S. Loualiche

Published Apr 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of photogenerated carriers in nanostructure based saturable absorber (SA) are investigated using a degenerate cross-polarized pump–probe experiment at 1.55 µm operating wavelength. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) encased in micelles are studied and compared to bundled ones as well as to iron doped InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells (MQW). SA parameters for all optical signal regeneration (AOSR) are extracted from the normalized differential transmission. Although all samples show the same order of recombination time, SWNT in micelles present a much higher contrast ratio associated to a lower level of saturation fluence as compared to their bundled and MQW counterparts.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.50.040206

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Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of photogenerated carriers in nanostructure based saturable absorber (SA) are investigated using a degenerate cross-polarized pump–probe experiment at 1.55 µm operating wavelength. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) encased in micelles are studied and compared to bundled ones as well as to iron doped InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells (MQW). SA parameters for all optical signal regeneration (AOSR) are extracted from the normalized differential transmission. Although all samples show the same order of recombination time, SWNT in micelles present a much higher contrast ratio associated to a lower level of saturation fluence as compared to their bundled and MQW counterparts.
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We study quantum optical properties of the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) by introducing the effective interaction between the quantized electromagnetic field and the confined electrons in the SWCNT. Our purpose is to explore the quantum natures of electron transport in the SWCNT by probing its various quantum optical properties relevant to quantum coherence, such as the interference of the scattered and emitted photons, and the bunching and anti-bunching of photons which are characterized by the higher order coherence functions. In the strong field limit, we study the interband Rabi oscillation of electrons driven by a classical light. We also investigate the possible lasing mechanism in superradiation of coherent electrons in a SWCNT driven by a light pump or electron injection, which generate electron population inversion in the higher energy-band of SWCNT.
Recent studies of the transient behavior of absorption saturation in low temperature Multiple Quantum Wells (MQW) samples have revealed a surprisingly fast recovery of absorption (within 10 ps at 15 K) after excitation by intense ultrashort light pulses1. This has been attributed to the effect of the large stimulated recombination rate caused by amplified spontaneous luminescence guided along the MQW structure, as confirmed by streak camera observations of the edge-emitted luminescence1, and by measurements of time-resolved luminescence spectra with subpicosecond resolution2. This effect could be used to increase the speed of optical gates based on absorption saturation or carrier-induced nonlinear refraction, but a more complete understanding of the mechanisms involved is clearly needed in order to evaluate the interest of this approach.
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It is strong Coulomb effects in carbon nanotubes that lead to formation of the so-called "bright" and "dark" (forbidden one-photon optical transition) exciton states, and dramatically decrease the efficiency of one-photon light emission via trapping of the carriers by "dark" states. We demonstrate that the proper use of these "bright" and "dark" exciton states with distinctively different recombination times may turn the situation around: the use of quantum coherence and multiphoton schemes of excitation potentially not only allow one to efficiently manipulate the dark states, but can also create conditions for efficient light generation in different frequency regions, produce "slow" or "fast" light, implement quantum light storage, media with a negative refractive index, and other quantum-optical regimes. Possible quantum-optical carbon nanotube devices have a potential for suitable performance at elevated temperatures, because the binding energies of excitons in single-walled nanotubes are hundreds-of-meV high.