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Frontiers in Optics

Stimulated emission in single-walled carbon nanotubes

Jay E. Sharping, Prem Kumar, Michael Scott Arnold, Mark C. Hersam, Samuel Isaac Stupp

Published Jan 1, 2003• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate stimulated emission at wavelengths near 1053 nm in isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes which are optically pumped at wavelengths of 700–950 nm. Studies of pump-probe wavelength and power dependencies are presented and investigations of pump-probe polarization, nanotube concentration, and various control samples are discussed.

DOI
10.1364/fio.2003.mt10

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We demonstrate stimulated emission at wavelengths near 1053 nm in isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes which are optically pumped at wavelengths of 700–950 nm. Studies of pump-probe wavelength and power dependencies are presented and investigations of pump-probe polarization, nanotube concentration, and various control samples are discussed.
We study quantum optical properties of the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) by introducing the effective interaction between the quantized electromagnetic field and the confined electrons in the SWCNT. Our purpose is to explore the quantum natures of electron transport in the SWCNT by probing its various quantum optical properties relevant to quantum coherence, such as the interference of the scattered and emitted photons, and the bunching and anti-bunching of photons which are characterized by the higher order coherence functions. In the strong field limit, we study the interband Rabi oscillation of electrons driven by a classical light. We also investigate the possible lasing mechanism in superradiation of coherent electrons in a SWCNT driven by a light pump or electron injection, which generate electron population inversion in the higher energy-band of SWCNT.
We have investigated the fluorescent and stimulated emission properties of PrCl3 as a function of the pump laser wavelength, pump power, and temperature. The previously reported laser emission at 645.2 nm has been studied at 295°K and at lower temperatures. At low temperatures we have observed stimulated emission at three new wavelengths, 616.8, 529.8, and 489.2 nm. The linewidths and lifetimes of various optical transitions have been measured and related to the observed optical gain at the above wavelengths. We have also observed stimulated output in 1% Pr in LaCl3.
Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of photogenerated carriers in nanostructure based saturable absorber (SA) are investigated using a degenerate cross-polarized pump–probe experiment at 1.55 µm operating wavelength. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) encased in micelles are studied and compared to bundled ones as well as to iron doped InGaAs/InP multiple quantum wells (MQW). SA parameters for all optical signal regeneration (AOSR) are extracted from the normalized differential transmission. Although all samples show the same order of recombination time, SWNT in micelles present a much higher contrast ratio associated to a lower level of saturation fluence as compared to their bundled and MQW counterparts.
It is well-known that strong Coulomb effects in carbon nanotubes lead to formation of the so-called bright and (forbidden one-photon optical transition) exciton states, and dramatically decrease the efficiency of one-photon light emission via trapping of the carriers by states. We suggest and demonstrate that the proper use of these bright and exciton states with distinctively different recombination times may turn the situation around: the use of quantum coherence and multiphoton schemes of excitation potentially not only allow one to efficiently manipulate the dark states, but can also create conditions for efficient light generation in different frequency regions, produce slow or fast light, implement quantum light storage, and media with a negative refractive index. We discuss possible applications of the quantum coherent effects to quantum-optical carbon nanotube devices that have a potential for suitable performance at elevated temperatures, because the binding energies of excitons in single-walled nanotubes are hundreds-of-meV high.
It is strong Coulomb effects in carbon nanotubes that lead to formation of the so-called "bright" and "dark" (forbidden one-photon optical transition) exciton states, and dramatically decrease the efficiency of one-photon light emission via trapping of the carriers by "dark" states. We demonstrate that the proper use of these "bright" and "dark" exciton states with distinctively different recombination times may turn the situation around: the use of quantum coherence and multiphoton schemes of excitation potentially not only allow one to efficiently manipulate the dark states, but can also create conditions for efficient light generation in different frequency regions, produce "slow" or "fast" light, implement quantum light storage, media with a negative refractive index, and other quantum-optical regimes. Possible quantum-optical carbon nanotube devices have a potential for suitable performance at elevated temperatures, because the binding energies of excitons in single-walled nanotubes are hundreds-of-meV high.