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Chinese Physics

Continuously transferring cold atoms in caesium double magneto-optical trap

闫树斌 Yan Shubin, Tao Geng, Tiancai Zhang, Junmin Wang

Published Jul 26, 2006• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have established a caesium double magneto-optical trap (MOT) system for cavity-QED experiment, and demonstrated the continuous transfer of cold caesium atoms from the vapour-cell MOT with a pressure of ~ 1 × 10 −6 Pa to the ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) MOT with a pressure of ~ 8 × 10 −8 Pa via a focused continuous-wave transfer laser beam. The effect of frequency detuning as well as the intensity of the transfer beam is systematically investigated, which makes the transverse cooling adequate before the atoms leak out of the vapour-cell MOT to reduce divergence of the cold atomic beam. The typical cold atomic flux got from vapour-cell MOT is ~ 2 × 10 7 atoms/s. About 5 × 10 6 caesium atoms are recaptured in the UHV MOT.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/15/8/019

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We have established a caesium double magneto-optical trap (MOT) system for cavity-QED experiment, and demonstrated the continuous transfer of cold caesium atoms from the vapour-cell MOT with a pressure of ~ 1 × 10 −6 Pa to the ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) MOT with a pressure of ~ 8 × 10 −8 Pa via a focused continuous-wave transfer laser beam. The effect of frequency detuning as well as the intensity of the transfer beam is systematically investigated, which makes the transverse cooling adequate before the atoms leak out of the vapour-cell MOT to reduce divergence of the cold atomic beam. The typical cold atomic flux got from vapour-cell MOT is ~ 2 × 10 7 atoms/s. About 5 × 10 6 caesium atoms are recaptured in the UHV MOT.
A cesium double magneto-optical trap(MOT) system is established to prepare the cold atoms in the ultra-high-vacuum(UHV) chamber for cavity quantum electrodynamics(Cavity-QED) experiment.Utilizing a focused weak continuous-wave laser beam,the cold cesium atoms,which are cooled and trapped from the slow tail of cesium vapor at room temperature,are continuously transferred from vapor-cell MOT to UHV MOT.The effect of the transfer laser detuning upon the steady-state atoms number in UHV MOT,and loading process of double MOT are experimentally investigated.Typical pressures of the vapor-cell MOT and UHV MOT are(～1×10~(-6) Pa) and(～8×10~(-8) Pa,) respectively.Normally(～5×10~7) and(～5×10~6) cold cesium atoms with effective temperature of(72±4 μK) are loaded into the vapor-cell MOT and UHV MOT.
A novel scheme of transferring cold atoms in a double magneto-optical trap (MOT) system has been experimentally demonstrated. Cold cesium atoms trapped in a vapor-cell MOT are efficiently transferred to an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) MOT by a continuous-wave divergent Gaussian transfer laser beam. When large red detuning and moderate intensity are adopted for the transfer laser beam, enhancement of the recapturing of atoms in the UHV MOT is clearly observed. Using the divergent transfer laser beam (diameter of approximately 1.60 mm in the vapor-cell MOT region) with typical power of approximately 20.2 mW, up to approximately 85% of transfer efficiency is obtained when the frequency detuning is set to around -1.2 GHz, and it is not sensitive to small detuning variation. This transfer is much efficient compared with that in the case of continuous-wave near-resonance weak transfer laser beam (typical power of order of approximately 100 microW and typical frequency detuning of approximately-10 MHz) which is normally used in double-MOT experiment. The enhancement is ascribed to the guiding effect on cold atomic flux by transverse dipole potential of the large red-detuned transfer laser beam.
We have established a cesium double magneto-optical trap(double MOT) system,and realized transferring cold atoms from the vapor-cell MOT to the ultra-high-vacuum(UHV) MOT by continuous transfer laser.On the base of our former work on transferring atoms by weak resonance laser,we extended red detuning of transfer beam to 2.0 GHz,and increased the laser power.We have studied on the transportation of cold atoms.It is demonstrated that the stronger laser power would make the transportation much more efficient if the detuning is far off-resonance.It is induced by the confinement and guidance of cold atoms due to the transverse dipole force of the transfer beam.
A rubidium double magneto-optical trap(MOT) system for Bose-Einstein condensation experiments has been set up. A slow atomic beam has been obtained with a low-velocity intense source (LVIS) and used to transfer atoms into an ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) MOT. By maintaining a pressure difference of 3 orders between LVIS-MOT and UHV-MOT, a lowest pressure of 1×10-9Pa can be achieved in UHV-MOT. The flux of the slow atomic beam is 1×109/s. About 4×108 87Rb atoms can be loaded into UHV-MOT. In this paper, maximum number of atoms captured in MOTs under two typical conditions have also been discussed.
In our double magneto-optical trap (MOT) setup containing a vapor chamber MOT (VC-MOT) and an ultra high vacuum MOT (UHV-MOT) for 87^{87}87Rb atoms, we find that transfer of atoms from VC-MOT to UHV-MOT can be enhanced by employing a pulsed VC-MOT loading followed by a pulsed push beam, as compared to that obtained by focusing a continuous wave (CW) push beam on a continuously loaded VC-MOT. By choosing appropriately the VC-MOT duration and push beam duration, the number of atoms in UHV-MOT was $\sim$3-times the number obtained with a continuous VC-MOT and a CW push beam of optimized power. The processes affecting the pulsed transfer have been studied.