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Physical Review A

Shaking-induced cooling of cold atoms in a magnetic trap

M. Kumakura, Y. Shirahata, Yosuke Takasu, Yoshiro Takahashi, T. Yabuzaki

Published Aug 27, 2003• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By shaking a magnetic trap spatially, trapped cold Rb atoms are either heated or further cooled, depending on the shaking frequency. The atom temperature as a function of shaking frequency exhibits a dispersion-shaped resonance, which is caused by frequency selective energy absorption due to the anharmonicity of the trap potential. Selective heating of high-energy atoms enhances their loss, which can result in cooling rather than heating of a trapped atomic cloud.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.68.021401

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By shaking a magnetic trap spatially, trapped cold Rb atoms are either heated or further cooled, depending on the shaking frequency. The atom temperature as a function of shaking frequency exhibits a dispersion-shaped resonance, which is caused by frequency selective energy absorption due to the anharmonicity of the trap potential. Selective heating of high-energy atoms enhances their loss, which can result in cooling rather than heating of a trapped atomic cloud.
We describe an experiment in which cold rubidium atoms, confined in an elongated magnetic trap, are excited by transverse oscillation of the trap center. The temperature after excitation exhibits resonance as a function of the driving frequency. We measure these resonances at several different trap frequencies. In order to interpret the experiments, we develop a simple model that incorporates both collisions between atoms and the anharmonicity of the real three-dimensional trapping potential. As well as providing a precise connection between the transverse harmonic oscillation frequency and the temperature resonance frequency, this model gives insight into the heating and loss mechanisms and into the dynamics of driven clouds of cold trapped atoms.
It is demonstrated experimentally that the anharmonic property of the quadrupole trap can be exploited to cool trapped atoms by modulating the trap potential anisotropically. This cooling effect arises from the energy-selective removal of the most energetic trapped atoms and the thermal equilibrium of the remaining atoms. The frequency dependences of the temperature and the fraction of the atoms left in the trap after the modulation are explored. It is also demonstrated that the cooling induced by parametric resonance can also increase the phase space density of the trapped atoms.
We demonstrate the possibility of energy-selective removal of cold atoms from a tight optical trap by means of parametric excitation of the trap vibrational modes. Taking advantage of the anharmonicity of the trap potential, we either selectively remove the most energetic trapped atoms or excite those at the bottom of the trap by tuning the parametric modulation frequency. This process, which had been previously identified as a possible source of heating, also appears to be a robust way for forcing evaporative cooling in anharmonic traps.
Magnetic resonance in an ensemble of laser-cooled trapped Rb atoms is excited using a microcantilever with a magnetic tip. The cantilever is mounted on a multilayer chip designed to capture, cool, and magnetically transport cold atoms. The coupling is observed by measuring the loss from a magnetic trap as the oscillating cantilever induces Zeeman-state transitions in the atoms. Interfacing cold atoms with mechanical devices could enable probing and manipulating atomic spins with nanometer spatial resolution and single-spin sensitivity, leading to new capabilities in quantum computation, quantum simulation, and precision sensing.