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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Transient energy transfer between coherent light beams in a resonant medium

V. L. Vinetskiĭ, Nicholai V. Kukhtarev

Published Apr 30, 1978• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Transient conversion of the energy of two coherent light beams in a resonant medium is analyzed by the coupled wave method. It is shown that such conversion has a threshold, is spectrally sensitive, and results in preferential energy transfer from a strong to a weak beam in normal and inverted media. The calculated and experimental energy-conversion intensities are compared for two light beams used to record dynamic holograms in sodium vapor.

DOI
10.1070/qe1978v008n04abeh010061

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Transient conversion of the energy of two coherent light beams in a resonant medium is analyzed by the coupled wave method. It is shown that such conversion has a threshold, is spectrally sensitive, and results in preferential energy transfer from a strong to a weak beam in normal and inverted media. The calculated and experimental energy-conversion intensities are compared for two light beams used to record dynamic holograms in sodium vapor.
An experimental investigation was made of the spectral dependences of the gain of a signal beam in the presence of transient frequency-degenerate collinear two-beam interaction in sodium vapor, for the purposes of elucidating the characteristic features of two-beam energy transfer in resonant media. A comparison of the experimental data with the results of a theoretical analysis made it possible to relate the low gain of the signal beam gain to the small energy-transfer contribution of diffraction by the phase component of a dynamic grating and the practically equal contribution of diffraction by its amplitude component.
The dependence of the third harmonic intensity on the medium length under completely phase-matched and resonant conditions is discussed. It is shown that the conversion efficiency in the coherent transient case is expected to exceed that in the steady state case in a long and/or dense medium when the incident light pulse has sufficient energy. The 3S-5S transition of sodium with a 602.3 nm light is studied experimentally as a model system. The efficiency as a function of the incident light frequency and intensity is in agreement with the predictions. By eliminating the phase-mismatching effect, the dependence on the medium density is also determined. It is demonstrated that the efficiency surely increases even in the higher density of sodium.
An investigation was made of the transient process of formation of volume dynamic holograms by light within the spectral limits of the D 2 resonant absorption line of sodium. The observed asymmetry of the spectral distribution of the gain of the signal waves in the case of a concurrent interaction between four beams was attributed to different mechanisms of the interaction, the main of which were a four-wave interaction in the long-wavelength wing and transient two-beam energy transfer in the short-wavelength wing. The results obtained were used to recommend an experimental method for the determination of the relative contributions of these processes to the amplification of signal waves.
One of the main advances of dynamical holography is the possibility to operate with coherent images in real-time experimental situation. Non-degenerate four-wave mixing has some advantages among different holographic methods because it gives the possibility to perform visualization of infra-red images or to convert visible radiation into ultra-violet region. In the work we study different schemes of frequency conversion of coherent images by thin and volume dynamic holograms nonlinearly formed in multilevel resonance media in conditions of non-degenerate four-wave mixing. The theoretical model of dynamic gratings formation in dye solutions based on coupled-wave equations has been developed. Experimental realization of frequency conversion of coherent images from infra-red to the visible and between different wavelengths of visible region has been performed. It has been shown that the criterion of hologram thickness is dependent on the optical density of medium and intensity of input radiation. The diffraction efficiency of dynamic gratings has been measured in conditions of optical bleaching and in the mode of strong absorption, enabling recording of thin gratings.
It is shown experimentally that a weak optical signal in a Nd:YAG amplifier can have an extraordinarily large gain that is due to transient coherent nonlinear interaction with a strong laser beam. The effect is explained by the diffraction of the strong beam on the dynamic refractive-index grating induced in the interference field of the interacting optical waves and caused by the difference of polarizability of the excited and the unexcited Nd3+ ions. The numerical calculation confirmed the energy transfer from the strong beam to the weak one owing to the predominance of diffraction efficiency of the refractive-index grating over the gain grating in an inverted laser crystal. The investigations give the estimation of the ratio of the real and the imaginary parts of the resonant susceptibility of Nd:YAG at 1064 nm in the range 2–3.