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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics

Optical contrast of a photonic crystal and the self energy shift of the energy levels of atoms

R. Kh. Gainutdinov, М. Х. Салахов, Хамадеев Марат Актасович

Published Dec 1, 2012• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The influence of a photonic crystal medium on the character of the interaction of electrons with their own radiation field is studied. As was recently shown, this influence changes the electromagnetic mass of the electrons in photonic crystals. This alters atomic energy levels. The dependence of this effect on the optical contrast of photonic crystals is studied.

DOI
10.3103/s106287381212012x

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The influence of a photonic crystal medium on the character of the interaction of electrons with their own radiation field is studied. As was recently shown, this influence changes the electromagnetic mass of the electrons in photonic crystals. This alters atomic energy levels. The dependence of this effect on the optical contrast of photonic crystals is studied.
Photonic crystals are periodic systems that consist of dielectrics with different refractive indices. They are designed to act on photons in contrast to semiconductor crystals whose periodicity affects the motion of electrons. Here we consider the interaction of an atomic electron with its own radiation field in the case when the atom is placed in air voids of a photonic crystal and is not in mechanical contact with the vibrational degrees of freedom of the dielectric host. A strong modification of this interaction from that in free space is shown to change the rest mass of the electron, and this has a significant effect on the shift of the atomic energy levels. This shift is investigated by using the example of atomic hydrogen in a high-index-contrast photonic crystal. The found effect may be of interest both from fundamental and practical points of view.
The interaction between atoms placed into cavities of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) and the radiation self-field is studied. Dispersion relations and photonic density of states for a one-dimensional PC consisting of gallium arsenide and vacuum layers in one case, and metamaterial and vacuum layers in the other case are calculated by the transition matrix method. Variations of the self-energy correction to the 1 s state energy of the hydrogen atom are considered as functions of the optical contrast and relative thickness one-dimensional PC layers.
Photonic crystals (PCs) are periodic systems that consist of dielectrics with different refractive indices. Photonic crystals have many potential technological applications. These applications are mainly based on the photonic bang gap effect. However the band gap is not only effect that follows from the periodic changing of the refractive index in the photonic crystal. The periodic change of the photon-matter interaction in photonic crystal medium gives rise to the fact that the mass of an electron in the photonic crystal must differ from its mass in vacuum. Anisotropy of a photonic crystal results in the dependence of the electromagnetic mass correction on the orientation of the electron momentum in a photonic crystal. This orientation dependence in turn gives rise to the significant correction to the transition frequencies in an atom placed in air voids of a photonic crystal. These corrections are shown to be comparable to the atomic optical frequencies. This effect allows one to control the structure of the atomic energy levels and hence to control resonance processes. It can serve as the basis for new line spectrum sources. The effect provides new ways of realization of quantum interference between decay channels that can be important for quantum information science.
We study a recently predicted novel-type quantum electrodynamical effect that takes place in the photonic crystal medium. It consists in the fact that the modification of the interaction of a charged particle with its own radiation field in the photonic crystal medium results in the change in its mass. Consequences and possible applications of this effect are discussed. It is shown that, as a consequence of the effect, spectrum of the light emitted by atoms may be profoundly modified if, instead of being in free space, atoms are enclosed in air voids of a photonic crystal. Spectral lines of atoms in the photonic crystal medium are shifted in frequency, and this shift may be comparable to the atomic transition frequencies in free space.
Abstract The self-energy correction to the mass of an atomic electron placed into a void of the photonic crystal medium is investigated. In this study the one-dimensional photonic crystal made from gallium arsenide and vacuum layers is considered. We show that the electron mass change gives rise not only to the shifts of the atomic energies but also to the nonradiative transitions between atomic levels. These transitions add new channels to a decay of an atomic state that leads to a quantum interference between these channels.