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Optics Express

Lineshapes in two-color polarization spectroscopy for cesium

Heung‐Ryoul Noh

Published Sep 7, 2012• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a theoretical study of lineshape in polarization spectroscopy for the 6S₁/₂-6P₃/₂-7S₁/₂ transition line in cesium atoms. A circularly polarized pump beam is tuned either to the lower or the upper transition line, while a linearly polarized probe beam is tuned to the other transition line. The polarization rotation of the probe beam is accurately calculated using a semi-classical density-matrix formalism taking into account all relaxation processes.

DOI
10.1364/oe.20.021784

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arXiv:1107.2582•Optics Letters•Jan 1, 2012•67 citations
We present a theoretical study of lineshape in polarization spectroscopy for the 6S₁/₂-6P₃/₂-7S₁/₂ transition line in cesium atoms. A circularly polarized pump beam is tuned either to the lower or the upper transition line, while a linearly polarized probe beam is tuned to the other transition line. The polarization rotation of the probe beam is accurately calculated using a semi-classical density-matrix formalism taking into account all relaxation processes.
We demonstrate polarization spectroscopy of an excited state transition in room temperature cesium vapor. An anisotropy induced by a circularly polarized pump beam on the D2 transition is observed using a weak probe on the 6P3/2 to 7S1/2 transition. When the D2 transition is saturated, a sub-natural linewidth feature is observed which theoretical modeling shows is enhanced by Doppler averaging. Polarization spectroscopy provides a simple modulation-free signal suitable for laser frequency stabilization to excited state transitions.
Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ～0.5 MHz and ～9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ～225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc.
Abstract We present a theoretical and experimental study of the polarization rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam scanning across all of the neighboring hyperfine levels ( F e = 1 and 2) with a circularly polarized pumping beam resonant on the F g = 2 → F e = 3 transition of the D2 line of 87 Rb atoms. The experimental results match well with the results calculated from the full-level density matrix equations considering laser phase noise, which hinders observations of narrow lines with linewidths of ∼90 kHz, as calculated in polarization rotation spectra for the first time.
An experimental investigation of two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) is presented based on the cesium 6S1/2 – 6P3/2 – 8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell. The dependency of line shapes of TCPS on the power of a 852.3 nm pump and a 794.6 nm probe laser is measured in detail, and we confirm that the linewidth of TCPS in a counter-propagating configuration between the pump and probe laser beams is obviously narrower than that of a co-propagating configuration, due to the atomic coherence effect. It is helpful for laser stabilization of the excited state transition using TCPS without frequency modulation.
We study polarization spectroscopy of Rb vapour. A weak probe beam analyses the birefringence induced in a room temperature vapour by a strong counterpropagating circularly polarized pump beam. In contrast to most other work on polarization spectroscopy, we use a polarization beam splitting cube and two detectors (rather than a polarizer and one detector) to analyse the probe beam. The signal is in the form of a derivative of a Lorentzian. For theoretical analysis we study the closed atomic transition 5 2 S 1/2 ( F = 3) → 5 2 P 3/2 ( F ' = 4) in the D2 line of 85 Rb. We study the time needed to redistribute population among the m F states, derive an expression for the expected lineshape and present experimental data in excellent agreement with theory. The polarization spectrum provides an ideal error signal for frequency stabilization of a laser. We describe the geometry and parameters for optimizing the error signal.
We demonstrate polarization spectroscopy of an excited state transition in room-temperature cesium vapor. An anisotropy induced by a circularly polarized pump beam on the D2 transition is observed using a weak probe on the 6P(3/2)→7S(1/2) transition. At high pump power, a subfeature due to Autler-Townes splitting is observed that theoretical modeling shows is enhanced by Doppler averaging. Polarization spectroscopy provides a simple modulation-free signal suitable for laser frequency stabilization to excited state transitions.