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Chinese Optics Letters

Narrow linewidth two-color polarization spectroscopy due to the atomic coherence effect in a ladder-type atomic system

Baodong Yang, Zhang Jinfang, Junmin Wang

Published Jan 1, 2019• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An experimental investigation of two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) is presented based on the cesium 6S1/2 – 6P3/2 – 8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell. The dependency of line shapes of TCPS on the power of a 852.3 nm pump and a 794.6 nm probe laser is measured in detail, and we confirm that the linewidth of TCPS in a counter-propagating configuration between the pump and probe laser beams is obviously narrower than that of a co-propagating configuration, due to the atomic coherence effect. It is helpful for laser stabilization of the excited state transition using TCPS without frequency modulation.

DOI
10.3788/col201917.093001

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Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ～0.5 MHz and ～9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ～225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc.

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2011•3 citations
An experimental investigation of two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) is presented based on the cesium 6S1/2 – 6P3/2 – 8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell. The dependency of line shapes of TCPS on the power of a 852.3 nm pump and a 794.6 nm probe laser is measured in detail, and we confirm that the linewidth of TCPS in a counter-propagating configuration between the pump and probe laser beams is obviously narrower than that of a co-propagating configuration, due to the atomic coherence effect. It is helpful for laser stabilization of the excited state transition using TCPS without frequency modulation.
Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ～0.5 MHz and ～9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ～225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc.
Based on the cesium 6S1/26{S}_{1/2}6S1/2​-6P3/26{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​-8S1/28{S}_{1/2}8S1/2​ ladder-type atomic system, double-resonance optical pumping (DROP) spectra including electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects have been investigated with a room-temperature cesium vapor cell. For both cases of the probe and the coupling laser beams passing through the cesium vapor cell with the counter-propagation (CTP) and co-propagation (CP) configurations, the DROP spectra measured in the experiment display explicitly different linewidths. Thanks to the EIT effect, the linewidth of the DROP spectrum is explicitly narrower for the CTP configuration than for the CP configuration. Experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis considering Doppler averaging. Furthermore, when the coupling laser has moderate power, the DROP spectrum for the CTP configuration clearly shows two components: the narrow part due to the EIT effect and the broad part caused by optical pumping (but these two different components are never seen in the CP configuration). Also, the effect of the intensity of the coupling and probe lasers on the DROP spectra is investigated.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and two‐color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) with Rydberg atoms are spectroscopic techniques developed based on the interaction between a ladder‐type three‐level atomic system and two light fields. The narrow linewidth and high contrast Rydberg EIT and Rydberg TCPS have important applications in laser frequency stabilization, Rydberg antennas, Rydberg radar and microwave electric fields detection. Here, the EIT and TCPS with cesium Rydberg atoms are investigated using a ladder‐type level system driven by the 509‐nm coupling beam and the 852‐nm probe beam. The 509‐nm coupling beam with three kinds of intensity spatial profile (Laguerre–Gaussian mode, Gaussian mode, Flat‐top mode) is employed one by one in experiments. Due to the different intensity spatial distributions of the three 509‐nm coupling beams, the Autler–Townes (A–T) splitting method is utilized to calibrate the Rabi frequency of the coupling beams. These results show that the linewidth is narrowest when the 509‐nm coupling beam has the Laguerre–Gaussian mode with an equal Rabi frequency among the three cases, the linewidth and contrast of the EIT and TCPS are optimized by varying the beam sizes of the 509‐nm Laguerre–Gaussian beams. The laser frequency stabilization by using of TCPS with three kinds of 509‐nm coupling beams are compared, the Laguerre–Gaussian coupling beam case is more effective for frequency stabilization because of the narrower linewidth.
We demonstrate polarization spectroscopy of an excited state transition in room temperature cesium vapor. An anisotropy induced by a circularly polarized pump beam on the D2 transition is observed using a weak probe on the 6P3/2 to 7S1/2 transition. When the D2 transition is saturated, a sub-natural linewidth feature is observed which theoretical modeling shows is enhanced by Doppler averaging. Polarization spectroscopy provides a simple modulation-free signal suitable for laser frequency stabilization to excited state transitions.
Double resonance optical pumping spectroscopy has an outstanding advantage of high signal-to-noise ratio, thus having potential applications in precision measurement. With the counter propagated 780 nm and 776 nm laser beams acting on a rubidium vapor cell, the high resolution spectrum of 5 S 1/2 − 5 P 3/2 − 5 D 5/2 ladder-type transition of 87 Rb atoms is obtained by monitoring the population of the 5 S 1/2 ground state. The dependence of the spectroscopy lineshape on the probe and coupling fields are comprehensively studied in theory and experiment. This research is helpful for measurement of fundamental physical constants by high resolution spectroscopy.
Based on the cesium 6S1/2 -6P3/2 -8S1/2 ladder-type system, electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) is further investigated in a room-temperature vapor cell. When the probe laser is locked to one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 (F=3) and the intermediate state 6P3/2 while the coupling laser scans the transition between the intermediate state 6P3/2 and the excited state 8S1/2, the EIT spectrum has a flat background improving the spectral resolution. The theoretically calculated EIT spectral profiles from a multi-level ladder-type model are consistent well with the obtained experimental phenomena.