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Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings)

Coherent control in semiconductor nanostructures

X. Marie, T. Amand, P. Renucci

Published Jun 1, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

\nThis paper reviews recent experimental results on temporal coherent control of electronic excitations in semiconductor nanostructures. We demonstrate that the optical orientation of excitons can be coherently controlled and directly observed in a resonant time-resolved Secondary Emission experiment. Optical and quantum interferences are clearly distinguished in this coherent control experiment which relies on the linear optical response of the crystal.\n

DOI
10.1051/jp4:20020093

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\nThis paper reviews recent experimental results on temporal coherent control of electronic excitations in semiconductor nanostructures. We demonstrate that the optical orientation of excitons can be coherently controlled and directly observed in a resonant time-resolved Secondary Emission experiment. Optical and quantum interferences are clearly distinguished in this coherent control experiment which relies on the linear optical response of the crystal.\n
Temporal coherent control experiment have been performed on semiconductor quantum well structures, using a sequence of polarized excitation pulses. The oscillatory behaviour of the populations, spin and alignment of the exciton states are observed through the time resolved secondary emission when the time separation between the two excitation pulses is varied. We show that, in specular detection direction, for bare quantum wells at 10 K and low exciton densities, the oscillations amplitude decay is determined by the exciton inhomogeneous broadening. In non-specular detection directions however, when the SE is dominated by resonant Rayleigh scattering, the decay is longer and becomes temperature dependent, which strongly supports that it is now determined by the exciton dephasing time.
Summary form only given. The coherence decay of optically excited electronic systems provides one of the most powerful tools to investigate interaction processes of excited states. In semiconductors, the optical coherence phenomena are usually investigated by nonlinear techniques such as four wave mixing (FWM), photon echo, or reflectivity experiments. Exciton-phonon, exciton-exciton, or exciton-free carriers scattering processes have been explored in recent years with these techniques. As demonstrated recently, a direct measurement of the optical dephasing time can be obtained through the temporal coherent control of electronic excitations. In these experiments, the emission following the excitation by an ultrashort optical pulse sequence, is detected in a non-specular direction (secondary emission). This provides an alternative approach to FWM techniques, which allows us to analyse the scattering processes either with phonons or due to mutual collisions. Using the coherent control technique monitored through the secondary emission (SE), we report on the coherent dynamics of excitons in bare quantum wells (QW) and compare it to that of exciton-polaritons in microcavity (MC) embedded quantum wells.
Summary form only given. The developments with coherent control (CC) techniques in optical spectroscopy have recently demonstrated population control and coherence manipulations when the induced optical phase is explored with phase-locked laser pulses. These and other developments have been guiding the new research field of quantum control including the recent applications to semiconductors and nanostructures. We study the influence of inhomogeneous broadening in semiconductors on CC results. Photoluminescence (PL) and the coherent emission in four-wave mixing (FWM) is recorded after resonant excitation with phase-locked laser pulses. The sample is a narrow GaAs single quantum well.
We have demonstrated ultrafast coherent control of excitons and exciton-polaritons in semiconductor quantum nanostructures. An InGaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum-well Bragg structure and an AlGaAs/GaAs crescent-shaped quantum wire structure were used as samples for the control of the exciton-polariton and excitons in the nanostructure. In the multi-quantum-well Bragg sample, a two-stage decay due to the super-radiant exciton-polariton mode is clearly observed under the resonance conditions. Highly sensitive coherent control measurement enables us to observe the dephasing characteristics in the crescent-shaped quantum wire sample, and a very fast dephasing time T 2 of between 200 fs and 300 fs with power dependence was observed.