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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Coherent and squeezed states of light in linear media with time-dependent parameters by Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant operator method

Jeong Ryeol Choi

Published Jan 9, 2006• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigated coherent and squeezed states of light in linear media whose parameters are explicitly dependent on time by making use of the Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant operator method. Not only the field strengths but also the fluctuations of the fields both in coherent and in squeezed states are decayed with time. The relative noise of the field strengths are calculated in coherent state. Quantum statistical properties of the chaotic field are investigated. We applied our theory to a phenomenological model of the biophoton system and compared the corresponding result of the uncertainty product with that obtained from a previous report.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/39/3/019

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By using the Lewis–Riesenfeld quantum invariant theory and properly choosing Hermitian invariant operator, a closed solution of the Schrödinger equation is derived for two forced quantum oscillators with mixing of two modes, and the quantum fluctuations in the output fields are evaluated. For the initial two-mode squeezed number or squeezed coherent state, in some particular conditions, the time evolution of the oscillators can not only preserve the initial two-mode squeezing, but also produce squeezing in the individual modes; and exhibit a periodical squeezing behaviour. For the initial two-mode number state or coherent state, there is no squeezing in the individual and mutual quadrature phases of the two-mode fields. Furthermore, regardless of which state above being initially considered, the quantum fluctuations of all the quadrature phases in the output fields are all independent of the driving parameters. In particular, for the initial two-mode coherent state, the variances of the output fields are also independent of other parameters in the Hamiltonian, and always preserve their initial values 1/4.
We present a simple description of classical and quantum light propagating through homogeneous conducting linear media. With the choice of Coulomb gauge, we demonstrate that this description can be performed in terms of a damped harmonic oscillator which is governed by the Caldirola-Kanai Hamiltonian. By using the dynamical invariant method and the Fock states representation we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation associated with this Hamiltonian and write its solutions in terms of a special solution of the Milne-Pinney equation. We also construct coherent states for the quantized light and show that they are equivalent to the well-known squeezed states. Finally, we evaluate some important properties of the quantized light such as expectation values of the amplitude and momentum of each mode, their variances and the respective uncertainty principle.