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Nature

Difference Frequency Generation due to Multiple Photon Process in a Resonant Quantum System during the Laser Action

Humio Inaba, Takehiko Hidaka

Published Oct 1, 1969• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/224057a0

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Abstract The coherent blue light generated in rubidium vapor due to the combined action of an ultrashort pulse train and a continuous wave diode laser is investigated. Each step of the two-photon transition 5S–5P 3 / 2 –5D is excited by one of the lasers, and the induced coherence between the 5S and 6P 3 / 2 states is responsible for generating the blue beam. Measurements of the excitation spectrum reveal the frequency comb structure and allow us to identify the resonant modes responsible for inducing the nonlinear process. Further, each resonant mode excites a different group of atoms, making the process selective in atomic velocity. The signal dependency on the atomic density is characterized by a sharp growth and a rapid saturation. We also show that for high intensity of the diode laser, the Stark shift at resonance causes the signal suppression observed at low atomic density.
In recent experiments VUV radiation of high spectral brightness has been generated at around 155 nm by two-photon resonant four-wave mixing (difference-frequency generation) in xenon using narrow-bandwidth lasers in the visible and ultraviolet.1 Efficiencies of 0.25% have been achieved, but it was found that the process was heavily saturated. A major saturating process is believed to be single-photon ionization from the two-photon resonant state, 6p J = 0 (Fig. WKK4-1a). Further experiments to investigate the three-photon ionization are described. These experiments involved a detailed study of the ionization process.
Two-dimensional lattices of the optical nonlinearity implemented by periodic poling inχ(2)\chi^{(2)}χ(2)materials afford additional degrees of freedom for enhanced gains in optical parametric generation [1–2] and the generation of multipartite photon entanglement in compact device formats [3]. So far all investigations have considered single-frequency excitation of the crystals in classical or quantum parametric downconversion regimes. However, the effects underpinned by the coherent coupling of multiple nonlinear resonances unique to 2D lattices, may be expected to further enlarge the spectrum of possibilities also in suitably seeded coherent parametric amplification and difference frequency generation (DFG) processes.