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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Subradiance and superradiance in V-type three level systems

Eugene K. Bashkirov

Published Jun 9, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The collective spontaneous radiation of the macroscopic system of V-type three-level atoms interacting with quantum electromagnetic field and coherent pumping field has been investigated on the basis of the Bogolubov's method of the elimination ofthe boson variables. The possibility of the subradiant and superradiant regimes in dependence of the pumping area has been established.

DOI
10.1117/12.636941

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The collective spontaneous radiation of the macroscopic system of V-type three-level atoms interacting with quantum electromagnetic field and coherent pumping field has been investigated on the basis of the Bogolubov's method of the elimination ofthe boson variables. The possibility of the subradiant and superradiant regimes in dependence of the pumping area has been established.
The chain of kinetic equations for a three-level extended macroscopic system interacting with an electromagnetic field is obtained on the basis of the method of elimination of the boson variables taking into account the coherent pumping processes. On its basis the conventional superradiance of the system is examined in the markovian limit. The relations between the parameters of the superradiant pulse and those of the pumping pulse of arbitrary duration are obtained. The possibility of description of the triggering superradiance is discussed.
This paper is the first of a sequence of four papers devoted to the theoretical study of subradiance, i.e. of the cooperative inhibition of spontaneous emission, a phenomenon which has been recently observed. It is shown, in the typical example of a pencil-shaped sample of three-level atoms in the 'V' configuration (two transitions sharing a common lower level), that the system can spontaneously reach a state in which the emission in the so-called 'end-fire' superradiant field modes is cooperatively inhibited; this occurs for initially uncorrelated atoms when the initial state is a statistical mixing of the two upper states. The whole study is centered on the concept of destructive interatomic interference and it is therefore based on the symmetry properties of the collective atomic state with respect to the permutations of locally indistinguishable atoms. Semiclassical and fully quantum-mechanical models are used in turn. The obstacles to the interatomic interference and thus to subradiance are finally discussed.
The present state of theoretical and experimental research on collective spontaneous emission (superradiance) in a system of radiators (atoms, molecules, or nuclei) is reviewed. The distinction between superradiance and the amplification of spontaneous emission is discussed. There is also a discussion of conditions under which the effect can be observed and of various theoretical methods for describing superradiance: the quantum single-mode and multimode models and the semiclassical approach. Theoretical papers on superradiance in systems with dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the radiation and also in extended systems are reviewed. It is shown that superradiance may occur in weakly amplifying media. A situation in which the superradiance is oscillatory is described. The possible use of superradiance to generate coherent emission in the x-ray and ? ranges is discussed. The superradiance accompanying Raman scattering of light in atomic and molecular media is studied. The theoretical results are compared with experimental observations of superradiance in the optical range. In an appendix, the nature of the phase transition in a system of radiators interacting through an electromagnetic field is discussed.