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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Quantum Secure Direct Communication Achieved by Using Multi-Entanglement

Wenlin Li, Junbo Chen, Xiaolong Wang, Chong Li

Published Jun 30, 2014• 24 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-014-2205-7

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Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) directly transmits confidential information over a quantum channel. In this context, it is important to take into account the multi-photon effect when using weak coherent laser pulses as the quantum source. Here we propose a multi-intensity QSDC (MI-QSDC) protocol where laser pulses having different intensities are used for secure communication in a fashion reminiscent of decoy states, where only signal intensity pulses are used for key exchange. Pulses of all intensities are used both for information transmission and eavesdropping detection in the MI-QSDC. The statistical fluctuations associated with practical finite block-length in QSDC are also considered and a tight secrecy capacity bound is given. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol is capable of communicating over a distance on the order of 100 km by relying on a finite block-length of sending 1014pulses.
In this paper, a Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) network is proposed and investigated. The protocol allows four independent users to exchange their confidential information pairwise, with the help of a central controller that regulates authorization and separation among concurrent communication flows. Quantum channels are used only in the preliminary distribution of the entangled states; afterward, no quantum-encoded message is transmitted. All message extraction is local, through direct measurements. This drastically reduces reliance on quantum transmission, constrains photon-loss effects, minimizes quantum hardware overhead, and increases the achievable message throughput compared to previous QSDC protocols. Given that the protocol utilizes entanglement distribution instead of consecutive quantum modulation, a very promising perspective is opened for scalability in future multi-party quantum communication systems. The simulation results confirm the strong robustness against classical and quantum adversarial strategies, testified by high detection probabilities and abort conditions that prevent information leakage.