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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Asymmetric Autler-Townes Effect in THz-Driven Quantum Wells: Beyond the Three State and Rotating Wave Approximations

Ben Zaks, Dominik Stehr, Stephen Hughes, Alexey V. Maslov, David S. Citrin, Mark S. Sherwin

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum wells driven by THz radiation near an intersubband resonance exhibit a power dependent asymmetry in the excitonic Autler-Townes doublet. Experimental observations and non-perturbative simulations indicate strong driving induces a redshift of the intersubband energy.
DOI
10.1364/cleo.2010.ctubb5

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Under the conditions of the rotating wave approximation (RWA), a transition strongly driven by a resonant oscillating field displays the well known symmetric Autler - Townes doublet. However, if the counter-rotating component, neglected in the RWA, is taken into account, the Bloch - Siegert shift gives rise to an Autler - Townes doublet of unequal intensity even in the case of a resonant driving field. This effect is investigated theoretically in a V-shaped three-level double-resonance configuration and the results are presented in this paper. An interesting observation is that the level of asymmetry not only depends on the driving-field intensity but also on the characteristics of the driven system including relaxation rates and equilibrium population distributions.
The effect of the Bloch–Siegert shift on a strongly driven transition is studied in a three-level double-resonance configuration and the result is presented in this paper. We show that when a resonantly driven transition is probed to a third level, the Bloch–Siegert shift leads to an asymmetric Autler–Townes doublet. An important conclusion is that the asymmetry depends only on the driving field intensity, in contrast to a previous study where it is reported that the asymmetry depends not only on the driving field intensity but also on the characteristics of the three-level system. Our result implies an alternative way of measuring the Bloch–Siegert shift.
Optical interband excitonic absorption of semiconductor quantum wells (QW’s) driven by a coherent pump field is investigated on the basis of semiconductor Bloch equations. The pump field has a photon energy close to the intersubband spacing between the first two conduction subbands in the QW’s. An external weak optical field probes the interband transition. The excitonic effects and pump-induced population redistribution within the conduction subbands in the QW system are included. When the density of the electron–hole pairs in the QW structure is low, the pump field induces an Autler–Townes splitting of the exciton absorption spectrum. The split size and the peak positions of the absorption doublet depend not only on the pump frequency and intensity but also on the carrier density. As the density of the electron–hole pairs is increased, the split contrast (the ratio between the maximum and the minimum values) is decreased, because the exciton effect is suppressed at higher densities owing to the many-body screening.
Transient four-wave mixing (FWM) spectra from excitonic Fano resonance (FR) states in biased superlattices are theoretically investigated by numerically solving the semiconductor Bloch equations adopting FR wave functions of the excitonic Wannier-Stark ladder as an expansion basis set. It is found that an Aulter-Townes-like doublet arises from resonant excitation of FR excitons, and shows conspicuous asymmetry in spectrally resolved FWM signals, the degree of which depends strongly upon a Fano-qqq parameter. Furthermore, the many-body Coulomb exchange effects markedly modify the spectral profiles, so that either lobe of the doublet is considerably narrowed with accompanying reversal of the asymmetry pattern. The effects also shift the overall resonance spectra toward the high-energy side. The three findings of spectral narrowing, asymmetry reversal, and blue shift feature the present dressed FR system. The corresponding time-resolved spectra are also discussed from the viewpoint of the Rabi oscillation.
An analytical solution of the optical susceptibility of quantum wells driven by a terahertz (THz) field is achieved based on the density-matrix formalism. A simplified three-level model is adopted for the quantum well structures, with the levels coupled by a near-infrared (NIR) and a THz field. The equation of motion for the polarization is derived from Liouville's equation for the density matrix. Using Floquet's theorem, and under the rotating-wave approximation with respect to the NIR probe field, analytical expression for the optical susceptibility of the driven quantum wells is obtained. Different features rising induced by the driving THz field in the absorption spectrum of the NIR probe are discussed for the THz field near resonance and out of resonance of the intraexcitonic transition. This analytical investigation of the susceptibility of the THz-field-driven quantum wells is much useful for clearly identifying the physical principles obscured in the full numerical calculations.