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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Lasing in barium vapor in a resonant optical field

Iosif S. Zeilikovich, S. A. Pulkin, Л. С. Гайда

Published Feb 28, 1988• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Lasing was achieved in barium vapor near an absorption line at the λ = 553.5 nm wavelength corresponding to the 61S0–61P1 resonance transition. Barium vapor produced in an arc discharge was placed in the resonator of a dye laser having a stimulated emission spectrum of ~ 5 pm half-width. In the presence of additional weak broad-band radiation, the lasing spectrum consisted of two components symmetric relative to the center of the absorption line. This lasing was due to stimulated Raman scattering by a population grating and was most efficient in regions where the difference between the frequencies of the strong and weak fields coincided with the Rabi frequency. A quantitative comparison was made between theory and experiment on amplification without population inversion in a two-level system. Holographic interference spectroscopy was used to study experimentally the behavior of the susceptibility (the absorption coefficient and the refractive index) under conditions of resonant interaction. Good agreement was obtained between the behavior of the dispersion of the refractive index and the theoretical dependence. The highest gains were kv ≈ 10 cm −1 when the barium atomic concentration was N ≈ 5 × 1016 cm −3.

DOI
10.1070/qe1988v018n02abeh011246

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Lasing was achieved in barium vapor near an absorption line at the λ = 553.5 nm wavelength corresponding to the 61S0–61P1 resonance transition. Barium vapor produced in an arc discharge was placed in the resonator of a dye laser having a stimulated emission spectrum of ~ 5 pm half-width. In the presence of additional weak broad-band radiation, the lasing spectrum consisted of two components symmetric relative to the center of the absorption line. This lasing was due to stimulated Raman scattering by a population grating and was most efficient in regions where the difference between the frequencies of the strong and weak fields coincided with the Rabi frequency. A quantitative comparison was made between theory and experiment on amplification without population inversion in a two-level system. Holographic interference spectroscopy was used to study experimentally the behavior of the susceptibility (the absorption coefficient and the refractive index) under conditions of resonant interaction. Good agreement was obtained between the behavior of the dispersion of the refractive index and the theoretical dependence. The highest gains were kv ≈ 10 cm −1 when the barium atomic concentration was N ≈ 5 × 1016 cm −3.
Laser Generation without Population Inversion in the Red Wing of the D1{D}_{1}D1​-Line of Alkali Metal Atoms under Resonant Diode Pumping
A new method of laser radiation generation without population inversion in the red wing of the D1D_{1}D1​ -line of alkali metal atoms under resonant absorption of broadband radiation of pump laser diodes at the D1D_{1}D1​ transition is studied theoretically. The appearance of laser generation is caused by the fact that the probability of stimulated emission in the red wing of the spectral line exceeds the probability of absorption if homogeneous broadening due to interaction between active particles and the buffer gas significantly exceeds the natural broadening (under high pressures of the buffer gas). Analytical formulas representing the operation of a transversely diode-pumped alkali metal vapor laser are obtained. It is found that cesium atoms are the most promising object for observation of laser generation without population inversion in the red wing of the D1D_{1}D1​ -line of alkali metal atoms. In a sufficiently long active medium (the length of the medium is 50 times its width), the efficiency of pumping radiation conversion into laser radiation can reach 57% at a buffer gas pressure of 5 atm, a pump diode radiation intensity of 5 kW/cm 2{}^{2}2 , and a half-width of its spectrum of 1 cm −1{}^{-1}−1 . The laser radiation frequency can be tuned by several tens of cm −1{}^{-1}−1 .
Two-photon resonant or nearly resonant optical processes have been investigated in atomic barium vapour ( approximately 10 17 cm -3 ) with a pulse dye laser (frequency omega L ) covering the range 735-415 nm. These interactions result in strong coherent emissions emitted either forward and backward, or forward only. The optical processes responsible for these coherent emissions have been identified. Seventy five lines (frequency omega ES ) emitted from 1000 to 360 nm are due to optically pumped stimulated emissions or stimulated electronic hyper-Raman scattering. Twenty eight lines (frequency omega sigma ) observed from 795 to 250 nm are generated through four-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L +or- omega ES , and nine- (795-260 nm) through six-wave-mixing parametric processes with omega sigma =2 omega L - omega ES1 - omega ES2 +or- omega ES3 .
The theory of amplification and lasing without population inversion in a three-level medium with inhomogeneous broadening via the formation of an open V configuration is elaborated. The conditions for energy transfer from the infrared into the visible spectral range, i.e., the conditions of up-conversion n b >n c >n a , and the external field required for saturation of the b⇄a transition are established. Two-photon resonant Raman transitions in ensemble of mobile atoms of a gas-discharge plasma are analyzed. The frequency shift of the probe field spectrum as a whole is shown to be governed by the frequency shift of the pump field multiplied by the ratio of the wave numbers of the probe amplification field and the pump field. The interaction of atoms through Ne transitions with the pump field (λ=1.15 εm, 2p 4-2s 2 transition) and the lasing field (λ=0.6328 εm, 3s 2-2p 2 transition) with an increase in the lasing frequency by a factor of 1.82 with respect to the absorbed radiation is calculated.
Theoretical and experimental studies of stimulated Raman spectrum with the D1 line of an 85Rb atomic vapor system are performed. In this Λ-type system, we discover that the influence of the pump on the probe field includes two parts: stimulated Raman excitation and optical pumping. Depending on the pump frequency detuning and field intensity conditions, the Raman spectrum can display either gain or loss. When the optically pumped absorption spectrum is taken as background, either a narrow transparent window or an absorption doublet with widely different linewidths appears. Our theoretical analysis agrees well with our experimental observations. Based on these studies, we present an interpretation from a new viewpoint of the physics of electromagnetically induced transparency (with on-resonance pumping) and Autler-Townes splitting (with far off-resonance pumping) in a Λ-type level atomic system, giving the relationship between these two important phenomena and the Raman spectrum.
An experimental investigation was made of stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) of excimer laser radiation in barium, thulium, and europium vapors. The energy of XeF* laser radiation ( λ = 351 nm) converted to the yellow range (585 nm) in barium vapor was 6 mJ and the conversion efficiency was ∼39%. The spectral composition of the converted radiation is governed by the STRS, by four-wave parametric processes, and also by lasing due to the natural barium transition. Selection of the pump frequencies is required to concentrate the converted radiation at a single frequency and to reduce its divergence. Stimulated Raman scattering of XeCl* laser radiation ( λ = 308 nm) was achieved in thulium vapor at λ = 422 nm. In europium vapor in quasiresonance with the 6 s 2 8 S 0 1/2 –5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 forbidden transition, stimulated emission was obtained due to the natural 5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 –6 s 6 p 10 P 11/2 and 5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 –6 s 6 p 10 P 3/2 transitions.
We report a theoretical study on the possibility of amplification and generation of radiation by an inversionless two-level system in the ‘red’ wing of its spectral line under resonant diode pumping. The two-level system is used to simulate atoms of an active gas, while it is in the atmosphere of a high-pressure buffer gas. The effect results from the fact that the probability of stimulated emission in the ‘red’ wing of the spectral line exceeds the probability of absorption if the homogeneous broadening due to the interaction of particles with the buffer gas significantly exceeds the natural one (at high pressures of the buffer gas). It is found that the higher the buffer gas pressure and the higher the pump radiation intensity, the greater the inversionless amplification. It is shown that the gain in a two-level system in the ‘red’ wing of its spectral line can reach 0.011 cm −1 when the radiation intensity and the width of the radiation spectrum of pump diodes are 5 kW cm −2 and 4 cm −1 , respectively. The use of transverse diode pumping of an active medium placed in an optical cavity will make it possible to obtain lasing with frequency tuning and thereby solve the problem of converting incoherent broadband radiation into a coherent laser light in a gas of two-level active particles.