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Physical Review A

Nonclassical effects in the gray-body state

Ching Tsung Lee

Published Aug 1, 1995• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The photon-number distribution for the gray-body radiation given by Bekenstein and Schiffer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2512 (1994)] is used to study its nonclassical effects. It is shown that as the absorptivity varies from 0 to 1, the gray-body state changes from an extremely nonclassical state to an extremely classical one. The critical point of this transition is located. It is discovered that the negative binomial state is a special case of the gray-body radiation at the transition point; hence, it is an example of borderline states such as the coherent state. The explicit expressions for the factorial moments, the Q parameter, the P function, and the nonclassical depth of the gray-body state as functions of absorptivity and temperature are derived.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.52.1594

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The photon-number distribution for the gray-body radiation given by Bekenstein and Schiffer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2512 (1994)] is used to study its nonclassical effects. It is shown that as the absorptivity varies from 0 to 1, the gray-body state changes from an extremely nonclassical state to an extremely classical one. The critical point of this transition is located. It is discovered that the negative binomial state is a special case of the gray-body radiation at the transition point; hence, it is an example of borderline states such as the coherent state. The explicit expressions for the factorial moments, the Q parameter, the P function, and the nonclassical depth of the gray-body state as functions of absorptivity and temperature are derived.
The photon-number distribution for the single-mode radiation, as the result of the number state reflected from a grey body, has been given by Bekenstein and Schiffer. This problem is extended to the case where the incident light is the binomial mixed state. The nonclassical effects of the reflected radiation are studied. The nonclassical depth is determined explicitly. As expected, the nonclassical depth of the state decreases as the absorptivity increases. The critical point in the transition from nonclassical state to classical one is located. It is shown that the state becomes the negative-binomial mixed state at this transition point.
In the recent years, effect of photon addition and subtraction to a quantum state of light is explored for coherent state, thermal state, Schrödinger cat state, Gaussian state and many more. It is reported that the phenomena of photon addition or subtraction significantly affect nonclassical properties of the states of light. Here we wish to study the effect of photon addition and subtraction to the binomial start of radiation on the nonclassical properties of the state. We observed that the depth of nonclassicality increases with photon addition and decreases with photon subtraction in antibunching and squeezing phenomenon. We also report significant changes in photon number distribution and variable with depending parameters.
The practical aspect of the moment problem of the P function is developed; i.e., a simple explicit expression for the P function in terms of its moments and the derivatives of the Dirac \ensuremath{\delta} function in the complex domain is derived. Its connection with the concept of the nonclassical depth of a quantum state introduced recently is explored. The basic formulas derived are used in the calculations of several specific examples that are popular in the quantum-optics community, such as photon-number state, binomial state, two-photon thermal state, squeezed-vacuum state, etc.
“Hypergeometric states,” which are a one-parameter generalization of binomial states of the single-mode quantized radiation field, are introduced and their nonclassical properties are investigated. Their limits to the binomial states and to the coherent and number states are studied. The ladder operator formulation of the hypergeometric states is found and the algebra involved turns out to be a one-parameter deformation of su(2) algebra. These states exhibit highly nonclassical properties, like sub-Poissonian character, antibunching, and squeezing effects. The quasiprobability distributions in phase space, namely the Q and the Wigner functions are studied in detail. These remarkable properties seem to suggest that the hypergeometric states deserve further attention from theoretical and applicational sides of quantum optics.