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Physical Review A

Two- and one-photon transitions in a three-level atom inside a cavity with arbitrary damping

G. Adam, JOSIP SEKE, Otto Hittmaır

Published Nov 1, 1990• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Different aspects of the interaction of a three-level atom with a single-mode radiation field are studied inside a cavity with damping. It is demonstrated that two-photon transitions emerge from cascade one-photon transitions by increasing the detuning parameters of the levels. It is also shown that a simulation of the two-level atom with one-photon transitions can be achieved by changing the detuning parameters adequately. In all cases, the influence of cavity damping is examined. Finally, we point out that the second-order field correlation function approaches its minimum value for t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty} in some cases.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.42.5522

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Different aspects of the interaction of a three-level atom with a single-mode radiation field are studied inside a cavity with damping. It is demonstrated that two-photon transitions emerge from cascade one-photon transitions by increasing the detuning parameters of the levels. It is also shown that a simulation of the two-level atom with one-photon transitions can be achieved by changing the detuning parameters adequately. In all cases, the influence of cavity damping is examined. Finally, we point out that the second-order field correlation function approaches its minimum value for t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty} in some cases.
In this paper, the problem of a three-level atom interacting with a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic cavity field is considered. The considered theoretical model describes the distinct configurations of a three-level atom. Also, this model includes a detuning and arbitrary forms of both the field and the intensity-dependent atom-field coupling. We obtain the general forms for both the constants of motion and the wavefunction when the atom is initially prepared in one of its states. We use this model for computing a number of statistical aspects of the three-level system. As an illustration, we use the model for studying the time evolution of the second-order correlation function when the atom is initially in an upper state and the field is considered in a coherent state.
The aim of this work is to investigate the changing effects of the atom–cavity coupling constant on an atom–cavity system. A three-level atom in the Λ configuration with q-photon transition between levels 2 and 3 is confined in a single-mode Fabry–Pérot optical cavity. To solve the master equation of this system in the steady-state by using the appropriate physical quantities, the matrix continued fractions method for recurrence equations is applied. The behavior of physical observables including atom–field correlation, mean photon number, and second-order coherence function is discussed. The effect of altering the atom–cavity coupling constant for different transitions on these observables is fully considered. The results of calculations show that by increasing this coupling constant, the range of atom–cavity correlation becomes longer, the maximum value of the output mean photon number from the cavity remains almost constant, the broadening in the curves of the mean photon number increases and the lasing process is amplified in the system. Finally, the transformation of the three-level atom into a two-level one under several specific conditions in a four-photon transition case has been studied. The obtained results of the two-level atomic pattern are adequately confirmed by the simulations related to the three-level atom.
We calculate intensity autocorrelations and cross correlations for the light transmitted from a system consisting of a three-level Λ-type atom inside an optical cavity that supports two orthogonally polarized modes with one mode of the cavity weakly driven on resonance. We also include damping of the cavity modes and spontaneous emission from the atom using the framework of quantum trajectory theory. The correlation functions are compared with those of a two-level atom/cavity system as the coupling to the third level is increased, and we find a transition from photon bunching to photon antibunching. The three-level model allows the atom to couple to both field modes for which we calculate intensity cross correlations that exhibit nonclassical behaviors. Finally, we discuss the lack of entanglement between the field modes despite their common coupling to the same atom and the presence of atom-field entanglement.
Radiation effects from two-level atoms caused by the presence of a Fock-state field in a damped single-mode cavity are examined. An exact recurrence differential equation for density-matrix elements valid for any number of atoms or photons is derived. Numerical solutions for different cavity dampings (low- and high-Q cavities) and different photon numbers of the Fock-state field being present initially in the cavity are presented. Collective effects caused by the presence of many atoms are investigated. It is shown that new quasistationary states as well as collective radiation inhibition appear in the time behavior of the atomic energy expectation value. These effects arise from averaging over an ensemble of which each member consists of N identical two-level atoms placed into a resonant single-mode cavity. A comparison of the obtained results with those for an initial coherent or thermal field is also given.
We study the dynamics of the atomic inversion, scaled atomic Wehrl entropy, and marginal atomicQ-function for a single two-level atom interacting with a one-mode cavity field taking in the presence of atomic damping. We obtain the exact solution of the master equation in the interaction picture using specific initial conditions. We examine the effects of atomic damping parameter and number of multiphoton transition on the scaled atomic Wehrl entropy, atomicQ-function, and their marginal distribution. We observe an interesting monotonic relation between the different physical quantities in the case of different values of the number of photon transition during the time evolution.